Social Matter Archives - SilawanTribe

Binangkaruta ng pamilya Marcos ang Pilipinas

Hitsura ng EDSA pagkatapos ng 21 na taong panungkulan ni Marcos Sr.. Kiniklim nina Imee at Bongbong na golden age of infrastructure umano yung termino ng ama nila.

Hitsura ng EDSA pagkatapos ng 6 na taong panungkulan ni Noynoy Aquino. Hindi niya kiniklim na may golden age of infrastructue na nangyari sa kanyang termino.

Ang artikulong ito ay sagot sa paninira ng kampo ni Marcos na binangkaruta umano ni Cory ang Pilipinas. Yung yaman umano na ipinundar ni Marcos Sr. ay binangkaruta ni Cory. Hindi pa sapat na pinatay si Benigno Aquino, ang kanilang kasalanan laban sa mga Pilipino ay ipinahid pa sa pamilya Aquino.

Naniwala ba kayo na malimas ni Cory sa anim na taon lang ang yamang naimbak ni Marcos sa loob ng 21 na taon? Imposibleng mangyari yan, ang totoong nangyari, walang nalimas si Cory pag-upo niya dahil linimas na ng pamilya Marcos ang kabangbayan. Si marcos ay nangungutang ng malaki para nakawin kasama ng kanyang mga alipores. Si Imelda ay nagnakaw din, in fact mas malaki pa ang ninakaw niya sa goberno kaysa kanyang asawa. Si Imelda ay gumasta pa ng napakalaki para sa kanyang hilig sa paggala sa ibat-ibang bansa at pagsha-shopping. Mayroon pang pagkakataon na nagsha-shopping si Imelda worth 3 million U.S. dollars sa parehong araw gamit ang pera ng Central Bank. Nang dahil sa pagkawaldasera ni Imelda naisilang ang salitang Englis na ”imeldific”.

Para sa kaalaaman ng lahat, nabangkaruta ang gobernong Marcos noong 1983 at lubog pa ito sa utang sa halagang 24 bilyon dolyares. Itong nasabing utang ay 72% ng GDP ng Pilipinas noong 1983 kaya hindi nakapagtatakang nadapa ang kanyang goberno. Noong 1985, ang utang ng Pilipinas ay umabot ng 26 Bilyon dolyares, ito ay 82% sa GDP ng Bansa. Halos puro nalang kasi utang at tanggap ng mga donasyon ang ginawa niya. Tapos ninakaw pa nila ang mga donasyon ng ibang bansa para sa mga naghikahos na pamilyang Pilipino. Kaya sumikat ang ukay-ukay sa rehimeng Marcos ay dahil sa matinding kahirapan ng mga Pilipino. Ang ukay-ukay ay nagsimula sa mga segunda manong mga damit na ibinigay ng mga bansa sa Hilagang Amerika at Yuropa para sa naghikahos na mga Pilipino, at hindi naglaon, ginawa itong negosyo ng mga Pilipino. Biruin mo ultimo damit ay hirap makabili ang karamihan sa mga Pilipino noong rehiming Marcos. Kailangan pa nilang mag-iipon sa alkansya nang taonan para makabili ng mga damit sa takdang panahon, kadalasan pagsapit ng pista. Karamihan sa mga tao sa diktadoryang Marcos ay luma o butasbutas ang kanilang mga suot. Pati pante ay butasbutas din tapos isinuot pa rin ito ng mga kababaehan noon dahil sa kawalan ng pambili. Karamihan sa kabataan noon ay walang saplot lalo na sa pang-ibaba, kung mayron mang saluwal ay may butas ito sa puwetang bahagi. Karamihan sa mga estudyante ay pumunta sa paaralan na nakapaa lang, walang bag, walang baon, at minsan walang papel. Plus may bayad pa ang publikong paaralan, kaya di nakapagtaka na bihira lamang ang nakapagtapos ng pag-aaral kahit elementarya sa rehimeng Marcos. Ang mga tao sa tikdoryang Marcos ay kadalasan pandak din dahil sa kakulangan ng nutrition. Sa panahon ni Marcos, halos lahat ng kalsada ay may lubaklubak, minsan sumakit pa ang puwet mo kapag mahulog ang gulong ng sinakyan mo sa hukab ng kalsada. Sa pagdaan ni Noynoy halos lahat ng mga kalsada ay napasemento niya, at kalidad na daan pa, with 1-foot thick road and reinforced with 1-inch concrete bars. Yung ipinagmalaki ng buildbuild na marami na umano ang natapos nilang kalsada ay 90% bayad na yon sa terminong Noynoy.

Walang magaling na estratehiya si Marcos kung paano makapag-generate ng malaking income ang goberno niya nang saganon umasenso ito. Para makautang ng malaki at maraming magpautang sa kanya, si Marcos ay gumawa pa ng batas (Presidential Decree 1177) na nag-uutos na unahin ng goberno ang pagbabayad ng utang sa labas kaysa pangangailangan ng mga Pilipino. Ang batas na ito ay tinatawag ding Automatic Appropriations law dahil automatic na kaltasin sa income ng Pilipinas ang halagang ipambayad sa utang. Ang Pilipinas lang ang tanging bansa na may ganitong klaseng batas. Sa tindi ng pagkabangkaruta, si Marcos ay humingi pa ng 90-day moratorium sa mga creditor sa U.S. ng ilang beses. Ang moratorium ay isang palugit (delay of payment) na ibinigay ng mga creditor doon sa mga debtor nilang kapos sa pambayad ng utang katulad ng Pilipinas. Kaya nakakahiya yung nangyari sa Pilipinas sa pamunu ni Marcos na nagmakaawa pa ang bansa sa mga creditor para ipagpaliban nila ang pagsingil ng utang.

Sa ilalim ng tiktadorya ni Marcos ang Pilipinas ay naging mahirap pa sa daga, na binansagan ito ng mundo bilang “sick man of Asia”. Maraming pamilya ang salat sa pagkain lalo na sa Negros. Mga tao noon ay pumipela pa sa mahabang linya para makabili ng pagkain kahit tiktik (powdered bark of palm tree) lang. Ang sikat na singer na si Fredie Aguilar ay gumawa pa ng awit tungkol sa kasalatan ng pagkain sa Negros, hinikayat niya ang kanyang mga tagasunod na tulongan ang mga bata sa Negros dahil may mga namatay sa matinding gutum. Ang mga taga ibang bansa ay nagbibigay ng mga donasyon sa Pilipinas dahil sa matinding kahirapan. Yung Nutribun (libreng tinapay para malabanan ang malnutrition) na ipinagmalaki rin ng pamilya Marcos bilang kanilang akda umano ay donasyon pala ng U.S. Aid. Dagdag pa, si Marcos ay naitala sa Guiness book of Record bilang pinakakawatan na opisyal ng goberno sa buong mundo. Kaya matinding dungis ang ipinahid ng pamilya Marcos sa mukha ng Pilipinas sa harap ng international community. At ang reyalidad na ito ay dumagdag pa sa takot ng mga investor para mamuhunan sa bansa. Sino ba ang mamumuhan sa isang bansang diniktahan ng pinakakawatan sa buong mundo at lubog pa sa utang? Ang masaklap pa, kiniklim nina Imee at Bongbong na golden age yong kapanahonan ng tatay nila. Kung golden age pa yon, bakit nagkautang ng 26 bilyon dolyares ang Pilipinas sa pamunu ng pamilya nila? Bakit maraming mga tao ang walang trabaho at malnourished? Bakit binibigyan ng mga donasyon ang goberno ng tatay nila? Sa katunayan, si Marcos ay regular na tumatanggap ng donasyon galing U.S. para maibsan sana ang kahirapan ng mga Pilipino. Pero ibinolsa ng pamilya ang perang ibinigay at ipinagbili pa ito ng mga magagarang ari-arian sa Amerika. Noong 1986, lumala pa ang sakit ng bansa hanggang sa napilitan si Marcos na mag-decree na ibenta ang ibang ari-arian ng goberno para pambayad ng mga inutang niya. Ang akma sanang sabihin nina Imee at Bongbong ay golden age yon para sa pamilya nila. Ang mag-asawang Ferdinand Sr. at Imelda ay hindi milyonaryo sa pag-upo nila sa Malakanyang _600,000 pesos lamang ang asset nila. At kahit pa pagsamahin ang mga sweldo nina Ferdinand Sr at Imelda sa loob ng 20 na taon, umabot lamang ng 16,408,442 pesos. Kaya nga natalo sila sa korte ng Switzerland at korte ng Pilipinas dahil hindi nila maipaliwanag kung saan nanggaling yong 356 million dolyares.

Si Marcos ay nangungutang ng malaki para sa layunin niyang golden age of infrastructure umano. Pero halos wala kang makitang infrastructure na naipatayo niya na matatawag nating big-ticket projects. Kung susumahin natin, mga sampo lang ang naipatayo ni Marcos sa loob ng kanyang 21 na taong panungkulan. So, kalahating infrastructure lamang ang naipatayo niya bawat taon in average. Bakit ba nangyari ito? Dahil hindi naman ang kapakanan ng mga Pilipino ang prayoridad ng gobernong Marcos. Lumikha lang sila ng mga proyekto para magkaroon ng pagkakataong makapagnakaw. Ang estilo ni Marcos Sr. ay ginaya rin ni Duterte, tinatakot ang mga tao sa pamamagitan ng extrajudicial killings, hinahayaan niyang magnakaw ang mga sakop ng kanyang kabinete, at nangungutang ng malaki para umano sa golden age of infrastructure pero kunti lang ang naipatayo. Kaya nga inangkin nalang ng kanyang buildbuild ang mga proyekto ni Noynoy na napaloob sa PPP para magmukha siyang mahusay sa mata ng publiko. Bakit ba mas pinili ni Duterte na mangutang para itustos sa kanyang buildbuild program sa halip na gumamit siya ng PPP na wala sanang gastosin ang goberno? Ito ay dahil kapag PPP system ang gagamitin, ang pribadong sektor ang may hawak ng budget dahil sila ang mag-build ng project. Therefore walang kontrol ang goberno sa financing, at dahil hindi sila ang may hawak ng budget, hindi sila makapagnakaw.

Ang mga kritiko ni Marcos noon ay pinadampot, pina-torture, pinakulong, at yung iba ay pinaslang pa, kaya dumarami ang nagrebelde. Sa termino ni Marcos nabuo ang dalawang malaking rebel group sa bansa. Noong 1969 nabuo ang CPP-NPA at noong ng 1972 nabuo ang MNLF. Sa umpisa ng panungkolan ni Marcos 60 lang ang bilang ng mga rebelde, pero sa pag-alis niya ay umabot ng mahigit kumulang 5,000 ang bilang ng mga rebelde. Sabi ng mga makaMarcos disiplina daw yung martial law, pero anong nangyari? Umabot ng libolibo ang bilang ng mga rebelde sa halip. Dahil di naman disiplina ang kanilang ginagawa kundi abuso ng karapatang pantao kaya marami ang nag-aklas. Subukan mong abusohin ang anak mo di ba lalaban yan sa iyo. Kagaya rin ni Marcos libolibo rin ang pinatay sa administrasyon ni Duterte. Ang kagulohan sa Pilipinas ay ang pangunahing dahilan kung bakit nagsialisan ang mga negosyante. Walang gustong magnegosyo sa gobernong magulo, walang respito sa batas, at walang paggalang sa karapatang pantao. Wala ring turista ang gustong mamasyal sa bansang barbaro dahil walang seguridad.

Sa ibaba ay mga link ng mga ebidensya na nagpatunay na nabangkaruta ang gobernong Marcos noong 1983, dahilan na humingi siya ng mga moratorium sa 450 creditors sa pamamagitan ng kanyang prime minister noon na si Cesar Virata.

1.) Inilathala ng New York Times noong Oktubre 15, 1983 ang paghingi ng Pilipinas ng delay of loan payments sa mga creditor

2.) Noong Septembre 22, 1987, Inilathala ng University of Chicago Press ang pang-ekonomiyang krisis sa Pilipinas dulot ng labis na pangungutang at korapsyon na nangyari sa terminong Marcos https://www.nber.org/system/files/chapters/c7525/c7525.pdf

3.) Sa Philippine Business Conference noong Nobembre 1983, ipinaalam ni Marcos na ipinadala niya si Cesar Virata sa U.S. para makapag-negotiate ng rescheduling of loan payments, atsaka makahanap ng ibang mautangan aside from 450 creditors. Dito rin sa Philipine Business Conference na ito ay sinabi ni Marcos na bumagsak ang halaga ng peso ng 21.4% https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1983/11/10/address-of-president-marcos-on-the-9th-philippine-business-conference/

4.) Si Marcos ay humingi ng palugit sa 450 na pinag-utangan niya

5.) Kahirapang natamo ng mga Pilipino sanhi ng malaking utang at korapsyon ng gobrernong Marcos

6.) Ang Pilipinas nakaharap sa krisis ng pagkakautang

7.) Kasaysayan ng ekonomiya ng Pilipinas sa terminong Marcos

8.) Inilathala ng Inquirer.net ang pagkabangkaruta ng Pilipinas sa terminong Marcos at paghingi niya ng 90-day moratorium sa mga creditor, at massive corruption na ginawa niya. https://opinion.inquirer.net/99481/the-marcos-debt

9.) Ang ugat ng kahirapan ng Pilipinas

10.) Sa taong 2025 pa matapos ang pagbabayad ng mga Pilipino sa inutang ng pamilya Marcos

Watch video: Totoo bang golden age ang diktadoryang Marcos noon?

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ALSO READ: Mga patunay na nagnakaw ang pamilya Marcos

Ipinamasaker ba ng pamilya Aquino ang mga magsasaka sa Hacienda Luisita?

Ang mga loyalista at panatiko ng pamilya Marcos ay laging nag-akusa sa pamilya Aquino bilang may-akda ng Hacienda Luisita massacre. Kahit walang ebidensya lage nilang iniugnay ang mga Aquino para mabahiran ang pamilya ng massacre issue. Marami kasing massacre na nangyari sa diktadoryang Marcos noon kagaya ng; Palimbang, Lapiang Malaya, Manili, Bingcul Village, Escalante, at Jabidah massacre. At dahil kalaban nila sa politika ang pamilya Aquino, pinipilit ng mga pulahan na magkaroon din ng massacre issue ang pamilya Aquino para mahila ang pangalan sa ibaba.

Watch: Palimbang Massacre, happened on September 24, 1974

Ang sagot sa tanong sa itaas ay una, walang ebidensyang nag-uugnay sa pamilya Aquino sa nasabing Hacienda Luisita massacre. Pangalawa, hindi lang ang pamilya Aquino ang may-ari ng Hacienda Luisita, ito ay pagmay-ari ng magkapatid na Cojuangco. Kung may foul play mang nangyari ay pwede ring ang ibang shareholder ng Hacienda ang may gawa. Pangatlo, mga polis at sundalo ang nakapatay at nakapinsala ng mga raliyista. Malamang nagkainitan masyado sa pagitan ng otoridad at mga raliyista sa panahong iyon kaya may mga namatay sa kasagsagan ng pagpapaalis ng mga raliyista.

Sa pag-upo ni Cory bilang pangulo, 70% ng kanyang pagmay-ari ay ipinamahagi niya sa kanyang mga anak at sa isang grupo ng kawanggawa na nagngangalang “Daughters of Charity”. Ang opisina ng institusyong ito ay nakatayo din sa lupa ni Cory. Ang natirang 30% ng kanyang share ay ipinamigay niya doon sa mga magsasaka sa ilalim ng kanyang Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). At dahil naipamigay na ni cory ang ibang bahagi ng kanyang lupa, maliit nalang ang natirang share ng kanyang mga anak sa nasabing Hacienda. Kaya walang mabigat na rason para pumatay ang pamilya Aquino ng mga magsasaka noong 2004 para protektahan ang kanilang propyedad. Isa pa, bukas-loob ni Cory na isama ang Hacienda Luisita sa CARP na siya rin ang may-akda. Yung agrarian reform ni Marcos ay limitado lamang sa palay at mais na pananim. Pero sa ilalim ng CARP ni Cory, napaloob nito ang lahat ng klaseng agrikultura kasama na ang tubo na siyang pangunahing pananim sa Hacienda Luisita. Makikita natin dito na sa umpisa pa lang, kalooban na ni Cory na ipamahagi ang lupain ng Hacienda Luisita na walang pag-atubili kahit magalit pa sa kanya ang kanyang mga kapatid na mga co-owner ng naturang asyenda. Isipin nyo, sinaktan ni Cory ang kanyang mga kapatid pabor sa mga magsasaka, at ang laki ng halagang mawala sa kanila. Malaking sakripisyo itong ginagawa ni Cory, wala pang nakagawa nito sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas na may pamilyang handang ipamigay ang kanilang malaking pagmay-ari pati na ang mga malaking pagmay-ari ng kanyang mga kapatid. At pangulo pa ang gumawa nito, na pwede naman niyang kontrolin ang batas maprotektahan lamang ang kanyang kayamanan. Ang ibang pangulo nga dyan ay nagnakaw pa ng bilyones sa goberno at nang-agaw pa ng mga ari-arian ng iba para makapagkamal ng gabundok na yaman.

Noong naging pangulo si Noynoy Aquino, ipinamigay din niya sa mga magsasaka ang natira nilang lupa sa nasabing asyenda. Ang ginawa niyang ito ay pruweba ng kanyang kabutihang loob na matatawag ring isang kabayanihan. Bukod kay Cory at Noynoy, sino pa bang pangulo sa bansang ito o maging sa buong mundo na bukas-loob niyang ipinamigay ang sariling lupain sa mga mahihirap? Nagawa ba ito ng pamilya Marcos na malaking Bilyonaryo? Eh kahit nga pagbayad ng kanilang buwis ay mabigat na sa kanilang kalooban. Kitangkita na walang dahilan para pumapatay ang pamilya Aquino ng mga magsasaka alang-alang sa kanilang lupa dahil sa umpisa pa lang ay itinakda na nilang ipamigay ito sa mga magsasaka. Sa ginawa ng mga Aquino ay mabanaag natin na hindi sila sakim sa kayamanan at maging sa kapangyarihan. Sa pamilya Aquino, si Ninoy at Noynoy lang ang klarong sumali sa politaka. Si Cory ay walang hilig yon sa politika, pinagbigyan lang niya ang sigaw ng sambayanan na tumakbo. Sa katunayan, hindi na siya tumakbo pagkatapos ng kanyang termino. Tinanggal niya ang batas na pwedeng tumakbo ulit ang isang Pangulo. Hindi katulad ng angkang Marcos na halos inubos na nila ang lahat ng klaseng elective positions sa goberno. Magmula kay Mariano Marcos na ama ni Ferdinand Sr. hanggang sa kaapohan niya sa tuhod ay pumasok sa politika. Ginagawang gatasan (cashcow) at hanapbuhay ang goberno nitong mga politikong nag-exercise ng political dynasty. Lagpas 60 years nang hinawakan ng pamilya Marcos ang Ilocos Norte pero hanggang ngayon ay mahirap pa rin ang sariling probinsya, with only 4.6 Billion pesos asset as of 2018. Ang Laoag ay mahirap din, only a third income class City. At halos lahat ng mga munisipalidad ng Ilocos Norte ay nasa fifth, fourth, o third class category. Patunay lang ito na pulpul sila sa pamamahala. At madamut din dahil sa laki ng kanilang yaman, di man lang ginastohan ang sariling probinsya para umangat ang ekonomiya nito. Si Imelda ay may 987 billion dollars, at si Irene Marcos naman ay may 13.2 billion dollars na nakadeposito sa mga bangko ng British Virgin Island. Si Irene ay mas mayaman pa kaysa angkang Sy na may 12.6 billion dollars na yaman as of 2022.

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ALSO READ: False, unproven claims against Aquino family

Is Catholicism the reason why the Philippines is poor?

I cannot understand why people pointed the Catholicism as the cause of poverty in the Philippines. Catholicism does not teach people to steal, on the contrary, it teaches to love your fellow as you love yourself. Had the Filipinos followed this commandment, Philippines might be one of the rich nations on Earth. The U.S. became great because of their Christian belief. I came across a blogger who told that it’s because priests are corrupt and have secret affairs with women. If a priest has an affair with a girl, is this the deed of the Catholic Church? does the Church teach their priests to be immoral? If a priest has an immoral affair, does he steal the money of the nation? How many government positions that the Catholic leaders hold? The affairs of the Church has nothing to do with Government.

The main cause is corruption. The Philippines has been in poverty because of the massive corruption in her government. Most of her politicians if not all are corrupt. They love money more than their neighbors. They are Christians in names but not in their hearts, they just worship Jesus Christ on their lips. Marcos had stolen 5 to 10 Billion dollars from the country that bankrupted her in 1983.

The secondary cause is the calamities that strike the country annually. Many lives and Millions or even Billion of pesos are lost per year.

The third reason is the ignorant voters. Most Filipino voters are clueless enough to keep voting politicians disregarding their bad records. Some are loyalists who are ready to fight against their family and friends just to defend their political idol, even if this politician is proven corrupt and murderer. Some voters are for money alone, any candidate who can give them larger price during election, they will vote for him/her.

The fourth reason that holds the Philippines from growing is the ever-existing war in Mindanao, Muslim extremists keep insisting their sovereignty. To tell you, their god Allah doesn’t like non-Muslims esp. Christians and Jews. If a Muslim becomes devoted to his religion, he will end up killing non-Muslims and Hypocrites. Muslims who refuse to go Jihad or to fight in the cause of Allah are called Hypocrites. The Malaysian government (Muslim country) trained and financed the activity of these rebels as admitted by Nur Misuari, the founder of MNLF.

Another cause that impedes the Philippine economy from growing is China. This country founded communism and supported the communist party in the Philippines before. The CPP-NPA rebels have been warring against the Philippine government for a long time. The massive human right abuse by the government of Ferdinand Marcos Sr. propelled the growth of rebellion in the country. The decades war between the Philippines and the separatist has been causing serious instability in the country that affects businesses and tourism. From China comes the shabu manufacturers that makes the Philippines a shabu market. Of course the activity of this drug syndicates cannot progress without the help of some officials in the country. Many of the politicians attracted to the fat bribes offered by China. Many of the law enforcers just seize shabu for money. If a Chinese druglord is willing to pay a large sum, the officials just let the drug dealer and his shabu escaped. Just like what happened recently, where Billions of pesos worth of shabu slipped past the Bureau of Custom twice in a row. President Duterte instead of penalizing the heads of the Bureau of Custom, he just transferred them to another government positions. Government Officials in the Philippines are not afraid to commit corruption because they are backed by the president or high official. And if they get imprisoned, they comfortably live under house arrest. And most of these convicted politicians will be pardoned and released by the next president that they supported during election. China bribed Duterte and Bbm so that they won’t use the legal victory of the Philippines against China at the Hague Convention which was achieved by the Aquino administration. China also keeps harassing the Filipinos, depriving them to cultivate the oil-rich area in the West Philippine Sea even if it is well within their Exclusive Economic Zone. Chinese coastguards keep chasing the Filipino fishermen and drive them out from their own fishing ground, allowing their fishermen to monopolize the area. Today, Filipinos are now importing fishes from China which are caught from their own fishing territory.

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ALSO READ:

Binangkaruta ng pamilya Marcos ang Pilipinas

China Caused Cebu’s Furniture Export To Collapse

SILAWAN’S CEBUANO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

NOTE: This is just a sample of a massive Cebuano-English dictionary which I had been endeavoring for more than 15 years.

-Aa-

ab-ab vb. [to consume bit by bit, as by fire or acidic substance]; eat away; erode; corrode <giab-ab sa kayo ang ginabas = the fire ate away at the sawdust> <makaab-ab ang dagat sa pangpang = the seawater can erode the cliff>

abaka n. abaca; Manila hemp

ABAKADA n. the Filipino Alphabet

abag¹ n. support; assistance; aid; help <salapion nga abag = financial aid> <nanginahanglan og abag ang mga kabus gikan sa mga adunahan = the poor people need help from the wealthy people>

abag² vb. support; help; aid; assist <mapasalamaton mi sa tanang miabag namu = we are thankful to those who helped us>

abaga¹ n. shoulder

abaga² vb. to take, esp. expenses; shoulder; bear <ang tag-iya sa bus ang mangabaga sa tanang tambalnong galastohan = the operator of the bus is the one who will shoulder all the medical expenses>

abagahan n. 1 the area from one shoulder to the other; shoulders 2 the shoulder portion of a dress or animal; shoulder

abaganan adj. needing help or support n. the needy

abalo¹ n. appraisal; assessment; estimate <taas ang abalo sa alahas karon = the appraisal of the jewelry today is high>

abalo² vb. appraise; assess; estimate <anaa ang moabalo sa luna = the person who will appraise the lot is here>

abandona(r) vb. abandon <giabandona sa mga naalaot sa gubat ang ilang kabalayan = the war victims abandoned their houses>

abandonada adj. said of female person. abandoned <abandonada nga asawa = abandoned wife>

abandonado adj. abandoned <abandonado nga dapit = abandoned place>

abano n. cigar

abante¹ n. 1 forepart; front; anterior <ang magtutudlu mipabalhin sa iyang sipat nga magtutuon ngadto sa abante = the teacher moved her mischievous student to the front> 2 the forward part of a vehicle or ship; bow; prow <imyos ang abante sa barko = the prow of the ship is tapered> adj. front <abante nga lingkuranan = front seat>

abante² interj. go forward!

abante³ vb. go forward; move forward; step forward <moabante ka og duha ka lakang = you move two steps forward> <miabante sa hinay ang barko = the ship slowly moves forward>

abang¹ n. rental pay; rental; rent <mahal ang abang sa yate = the yacht rental is expensive>

abang² vb. to pay for the use of property or service; rent; charter; hire <buut moabang og yate ang mga manuroyay = the tourists want to charter a yacht>

abanganan¹ adj. 1 referring to a thing or equipment. available for rent; for hire <abanganan nga yate = yacht for rent> 2 referring to a service. for hire or rent <abanganan nga mamamatay = killer for hire> <abanganan nga babaye = woman for rent; whore>

abanganan² n. an establishment offering property or service for hire <abanganan kana diha og yate = that establishment is offering a yacht for rent>

abangonon n. amount to be paid as rent; rental unpaid <duna pa ko’y abangonon sa balay = I still have house rental to be paid>

abat¹ n. 1 person arranged to meet or fetch somebody at a designated place <may abat ko inig abut naku didto = I will have person to fetch me when I arrive there> 2 meeting; date; appointment; engagement <duna ko’y abat unya = I have an appointment later on>

abat² vb. 1 to come from the opposite direction; meet; cross <sa wa damha nagka-abat ang ilang mga dalan = unexpectedly their paths cross> 2 meet face to face; meet; have a date; have an appointment <mag-abat ta sa kan-anan unya = let us meet at the restaurant later>

abat³ n. 1 an ungu (person believed to have a black magic who eats human) that meets and attacks a person on the way 2 [a scary supernatural being that appears to a person]; spook; apparition; ghost

abat⁴ vb. 1 of an ungu. to meet and attack a person on the way <sa kapanahonan ni lola, aduna’y daghang mga ungu nga mangabat = in my grandma’s time, there were lots of ungo that met and attacked people on the way> 2 of evil supernatural. to appear (horribly) to a person <sa bata pa ko may miabat naku nga engkanto = when I was a child there was a fairy that appeared to me>

abat-abat¹ n. a repeated furtive meeting, as lovers do in an illicit affair; secret meetings <abat-abat ra nang ilaha kay supak ang ilang mga ginikanan = they just settle for secret meetings since their parents are against their relationship>

abat-abat² vb. to keep seeing each other secretly <nag-abat-abat si Lauro ug ang iyang kabit = Lauro and his paramour keep seeing each other secretly>

abatanan¹ n. meeting place; tryst <gihimong abatanan sa ubang managkabit ang simbahan = some illicit lovers use the church as their tryst>

abatanan² adj. inhabited or frequented by a ghost; haunted <di ta mangagi sa dakit kay abatanan kuno ‘na diha = we won’t pass by the banyan tree because they said that it’s haunted> n. haunted area, house, or tree

abatonon¹ n. someone or something to be met <may abatonon ko sa tugpahanan = I have a person to be met at the airport> adj. set to be met

abatonon² n. person given to seeing evil supernatural beings adj. given to seeing or sensing evil supernatural being; frequently haunted <may tawo nga abatonon = there’s a person who used to see an apparition> <abatonon ko = I’m frequently haunted>

abay¹ vb. 1 travel or lie abreast <nanghangad ang manan-away sa lima ka eroplano nga nagaabay = the spectators look up the five airplanes that are flying abreast> 2 lie beside; lie alongside <miabay ang inahan sa iyang bata = the mother lies beside her baby> 3 to put in parallel position; lay abreast <iabay ang imong higdaanan sa akua = put your bed in parallel with mine> <giabay ang mga patayng lawas sa hawan = dead bodies are laid abreast on the open ground> 4 to stay with, esp. to serve; attend; nurse <kinsa’y moabay sa masakiton karong gabii? = who will attend the sick tonight?> 5 to go with, (esp. to support, protect, or guide); escort; convoy; accompany <may mga bantay nga kanunay moabay sa pangulo = there are guards who constantly escort the president>

abay² n. 1 one who goes alongside; escort; companion; chaperon <di mosugot ang iyang uyab og panglaag basta wa’y abay = his girlfriend doesn’t agree to a date if she has no chaperon> 2 the one lying beside with another <nag-inusara ang maong balay, wa’y abay = that house stands alone, there is no other building beside it> 3 one who accompanies someone, esp. to serve or care; nurse; carer; attendant <ang prinsesa may abay kanunay = a princess has an attendant always> 4 the attendant of a bride or groom, (e.g., bridesmaid, groomsman, and flower girl) <mas maanyag pa kuno ang abay kay sa pangasaw-onon = somebody said that the bridesmaid is more beautiful than the bride>

abay³ adj. parallel; coextending <abay nga mga badlis = parallel lines>

abay⁴ prep. alongside; beside; next to <milingkod ang gwapa abay naku = the beautiful woman sat beside me> <nangaon mi sa kan-anan nga abay sa tulunghaan = we dined at the restaurant next to a school>

abay⁵ n. a term used to call a male buddy; dude; man

abay ⁶ n. one’s share of the total amount gambled

abayan² n. a floating material or device that can prevent a person from drowning (e.g., life preserver, life buoy, life jacket, and empty plastic container)

abayan³ n. 1 [a supernatural being that supposedly protects a person and bestows magical power to a man]; guardian spirit; patron saint; fairy godparent <may abyan nga agta si Benansyo = Venancio has a guardian agta> 2 an influential person that regularly backs up another; backer; patron; sponsor <ang mga tigpayuhot sa druga may mga abyan sa militar maong lisud dakpon = the drug dealers have backers in military that’s why they are hard to capture>

abe vi. thought; supposed <abe namu og di ka moabut = we thought that you wouldn’t come>

abe kay conj. just because <daghan sa akung mga suud ang wan-a moila naku abe kay wa ko madatu = many of my friends no longer recognize me just because I don’t get rich>

abe nimo _ you know what <abe nimo, giampingan ko ang akung dungog apan giguba sa akung kadugu tungud lang sa kwarta = you know what, I took good care of my reputation but my blood relative destroyed it just because of money>

abe ninyo _ plural form of abe nimo

abe pa lang conj. for somebody or people might think that <ikiha nang bayhana abe pa lang tinuod ang iyang gipasangil nimo = you sue that lady for people might think that what she claimed against you is true>

aberya¹ n. mechanical trouble or problem <manghinaut lang ta nga di ta makasinati og aberiya paingon didto = let’s just hope that we cannot experience mechanical trouble in going there>

aberya² vb. to experience mechanical trouble <naaberya ang barko sa kalawran = the ship experiences mechanical trouble in the ocean>

abhong adj. musty; mildewed; moldy; fusty

abiabi vb. to accommodate a visitor; entertain; host <di makamaong moabiabi ang tagbalay = the house dweller doesn’t know how to entertain a visitor>

abiba¹ n. a shout of applause; cheer; yell; acclamation <milanog ang abiba sa Pilipinhong manan-away = the cheer of the Filipno audience resonated>

abiba² vb. to applaud with shouts; cheer; yell; acclaim <ngilngig moabiba ang mga Pilipino sa ilang bahan = Filipinos are great in cheering for their team>

abin vb. join in an alliance; ally; affiliate; associate <nag-abin ang mga politiko sa usa ka partido = politicians are allying themselves in one party>

abir¹ n. [a scheming words devised to catch another in their words]; a test in another’s words <abir ra tong akua nimo = mine was just a test in your words>

abir² vb. to catch or test, esp. by scheming words <gisulayan lang ta ka og abir = I just tried to catch you in your words>

abir³ _ [a word used to dare another so as to justify his or her testimony]; now explain; now prove your argument <kun kamong duha way dautang gibuhat sa lawak, nganong nanirado man mo? abir! = if the two of you did no malice, why you locked the room? now explain!>

abis vb. to cut (with the sharp-edged tool, as knife); incise; slit; gash; cut into <ang kilid sa bato mao’y giabis sa kawatan sa pisi sa baka = the thief used the edge of the stone to cut the rope on the cow> <naabis ang tudlu ni Awing sa sipul = Manuel cut his finger accidentally with a knife>

abis-abis vb. to cut one after another; cut into pieces <unsa nang giabis-abis nimo diha? = what do you cut in pieces out there?> <nag-abis-abis ko’g karton aron himoong balaybalay = I cut a carton in pieces to make a playhouse>

abiso¹ n. notice; notification <giguba sa inhenyero sa dakbayan ang akung tinukud nga wala nagpadala og abiso = the city engineer demolished my building without sending a notice>

abiso² vb. furnish notice; notify; inform

abiyo¹ n. provisions; food supplies; victuals; rations <ang mga atleta nakadawat sa ilang abiyo = the athletes have received their provisions>

abiyo² vb. to supply with food; provision; provide <kalim-an ka sakong humay ang iabiyo = fifty sacks of rice will be provided>

abli¹ adj. not closed or covered; open; uncovered <abli ang tindahan hangtod tungang gabii = the store is open till midnight>

abli² n. 1 something that is open; opening; gap; hole <duna’y abli ang luyo sa sinina sa babaye = the lady’s dress has an opening in the back> 2 an instance of making open; opening <kanus-a ang abli sa inyong bag-ong tindahan? = when is the opening of your new store?>

abli³ vb. open; unclose; unlock; unwrap <ang ganghaan sa langit moabli ngadto sa mga matarong = the heaven’s gate will open to the righteous ones>

abnormalidad n. abnormality

abo n. ash or ashes

abokado n. avocado; alligator pear

abod¹ vb. 1 [to throw, pour, or disseminate loose substance, esp. to the ground]; scatter; strew; sow <giabod ni Goyang ang dinugmok nga uling ngadto sa iyang umahan = Gregoria scatters the crushed charcoal over her farm> 2 to plant by throwing or disseminating; sow <kun unsa ang imong giabod mao pud ang imong anihon = what you sow is what you will reap> 3 [to give loose food, esp. by throwing, pouring, or scattering]; feed <mangabod si tiya sa iyang mga pati matag buntag = auntie feeds her doves every morning> 4 [to throw or drop seeds, esp. into the hole or mouth of]; feed <gitahasan kong tatay sa pag abod sa mga inugsokan niya = dad tasked me to drop seeds into the holes in soil which he made with a pointed pole> <makaabod ko sa galingan maski nagatuyok = I can feed the millstone (with grains) even if it is rotating> 5 supply; feed; furnish <busay ang nag-abod og kurente sa Misamis = it is a falls that supplies electricity in Misamis> <kinsa’y nag-abod niya’g kasayuran? = who fed him the information?>

abod² n. 1 [loose food (as seeds, grains, or pellets) for animals]; feed <ang abod sa hiniktan ni Asan mao ang lugas-mais = the feed of Asan’s gamecock is corn seeds> 2 the amount of seeds held by a sower on the farm <nayabo sa mangangabod ang abod sa umahan = the sower accidentally poured the seeds on the farm> 3 a batch or handful of raw seeds to be fed into a millstone

abog vb. drive off; drive away; shoo <giabog ni Eping ang mga kanding gikan sa iyang kamaisan = Philip drives off the goats from his corn field>

abogada n. female lawyer

abogado n. lawyer; counsel; attorney <menos sa lihok ang abogado basta kabus ang kliyente = the lawyer is slow to action if the client is poor> <abogado sa kihante = counsel for the plaintiff> <abogado sa sinumbong = counsel for the defendant>

abogadohon¹ vt. future. to make someone a lawyer <abogadohon daw niya ang iyang anak = he said he will make his child a lawyer>

abogadohon² adj. having the characteristic of a lawyer <abogadohonon ka kay maayo ka molantugi = you can be a lawyer since you are good in debating>

abogadohonon¹ adj. going to be a lawyer; lawyer-to-be <abogadohonon ‘tong tawhana, bar na lang ang kulang = that man was a lawyer-to-be, what he only lacks is passing the bar examination>

abogadohonon² n. a prospective lawyer <aduna na’y abogadohonon sa mga anak ni Andoy = there is now a prospective lawyer of Alexander’s children>

abogasiya n. the profession of a lawyer; law

abohan n. 1 place or stall where food is cooked by using firewood 2 kitchen <asa man ang abohan ining planoha? = where is the kitchen location of this plan?> 3 fireplace

abohanan n. 1 ash container, as urn 2 ashtray

abohon¹ n. 1 the color of ash; gray 2 gray-colored animal, usu. cock <adto ko mopusta sa abohon = I’ll put my bet on the gray cock>

abohon² adj. ashen; gray-colored; gray

abohon³ vt. future. to turn material into ashes

abono¹ n. 1 substance added to soil to make it fertile; fertilizer; compost; manure <abono nga tai sa baka = cow manure> <lungag sa abono = compost pit> 2 something added, as to cover a loss; replenishment; supplement; refill <nagkinahanglan og abono ang negosyo ni Erma = Erma’s business needs supplement> 3 material (as stones, soil, sand, or rubbish) used to cover a ground; fill <ang manukuray miabono sa kapitaan = the builder filled the swampy area>

abono² vb. 1 apply fertilizer; fertilize; top-dress <mag-abono si Sento sa iyang umahan matag tuig = Sento fertilizes his farm every year> 2 to cover the used part; refill; replenish; make up; top up <magpunu mi og puhunan aron abonohan ang alkanse = we will add extra capital to cover the loss> 3 [to raise a surface, esp. by adding stones, sand, or soil]; fill; dump <lima ka trak nga anapog ang giabono sa kapitaan = four trucks of limestone are dumped on the swamp> 4 to cover the loss of blood via infusion; transfuse <usa ka puntil nga dugu ang giabono ni nanay = a bag of blood was transfused to my mom>

abong vb. [to stay close with someone, esp. with the hope of receiving favor]; court; woo <nangabong ang mga kandidato sa mga botante = candidates are wooing the voters>

abot¹ vb. 1 see each other; meet; come face to face <mipahiyum siya sa dihang nag-abot ang amung mga mata = she smiled when our eyes met> 2 come together; gather; assemble; converge <diri ta mag-abot ugma = we will assemble here tomorrow> <nag-abot ang mga delegado sa pulu sa Maktang = Delegates are converging in Mactan Island> 3 touch each other; meet; kiss <nag-abot ang ilang mga ngabil = their lips kiss>

abot² vb. cause to meet; meet <giabot sa Huwes ang duha ka habig nga nanag-away = the judge caused the two quarreling parties to meet>

abot-abot vb. to see each other repeatedly; keep seeing each other; meet repeatedly

abotanan n. 1 meeting place; rendezvous; assembly point; convention center <nakahibalo ka ba sa ilang abotanan? = do you know where their rendezvous is?> 2 arrival area <sugata ko sa abotanan sa paluparan = meet me at the arrival area of the airport>

abrasete vb. to go or walk arm in arm <nag-abrasete ang mga managhigumaay sa plasa = lovers are walking arm in arm on the park>

abri _ same as abli

abridor n. a tool for opening; opener

Abril n. April

abrilata n. can opener

abswelto¹ adj. absolved; acquitted

abswelto² vb. absolve; acquit

abtik adj. 1 able to move quickly; quick; fast; speedy <abtik nga lihok = fast move> <abtik nga pagtubag = quick response> 2 showing vitality; energetic; spirited; feisty <abtik pa gihapon si Mana Mesing maski otsenta na = Mana Mesing is still energetic even if she is eighty now> 3 improved in health; recovered; well; okay <abtik na si mama, gumawasay na gani siya sa ospital = mom is well now, she is even about to go out from the hospital>

abtik-abtik adj. 1 slightly or a bit quick; somewhat agile <sa una abtik og kumu si Pakyaw apan karon abtik-abtik na lang = before Pacquaio’s punch was quick but now is just a bit quick> 2 slightly energetic; somewhat lusty <abtik-abtik pa gihapon si tatay bisan pa sa iyang balatian = dad is slightly energetic despite of his ailment> 3 slightly improved in health; slightly well; a bit okay <abtik-abtik na ang pasyente = the patient is slightly well>

abubho vb. be or get jealous <mangabubho ko basta makigpanuroy ang akung uyab sa lain = I get jealous if my sweetheart will go dating with another guy>

abubhoan n. jealous person adj. jealous <abubhoan lang ka nga tawo = I am just a jealous guy>

abug¹ n. fine particles; dust <abug sa hangin = dust in the wind>

abug² vb. 1 give off dust <miabug ang karsada pag-agi sa sakyanan = the road gives off dust when the car passes> 2 get dusty <nagkaabug ang mga tiil nimo = your feet get dusty>

abugho _ variant of abubho

abugon adj. dusty; covered in dust

abunda adj. abundant; plentiful; ample <abunda og mais ang Bukidnon = Bukidnon is abundant of corn> n. abundance; plenty <abunda sa kahigalahan = plenty of friends>

aburido adj. of bad mood; irritated; angry

abusado adj. abusive <kasagaran ang mga naa sa kagamhanan mga abusado = usually those people who are in government> n. abusive person

abusar vb. abuse

abuso¹ n. abuse

abuso² vb. abuse

abut¹ vb. 1 [to stretch the arm for touching, giving, or receiving]; reach <gamay ra’ng manimbahay ang miabut og kwarta sa makililimos = only few churchgoers reach money to the beggar> 2 to reach, as a goal; achieve; attain; get; succeed; realize <magkugi kita aron maabut ang atung mga tumong = let us work hard to reach our goals> 3 to reach, as a destination; arrive; arrive at; get; come <moabut ang mga dinapit ugma = the guests will arrive tomorrow> <inig abut natu didto mangaon ta gilayon = when we get there we will dine right away> 4 to reach, as a price; be able to pay; afford <di ko makaabut sa imong presyo = I can’t afford your price> 5 to reach, as a quantity or value; amount to; add up <ang balor sa kabtangan moabut ngadto sa napulu ka milyon ka pesos = the value of the property will amount to ten million pesos> 6 to reach or extend up to; stretch or extend as far as <nagalaum ko nga moabut sa Langit ang amung mga pag-ampu = I’am hoping that my prayers will reach up to Heaven> <ang kainiton sa Tuguegarao miabut og kwarenta ka ang-ang =the amount of hotness in Tuguegarao reached up to forty degrees> 7 to act in accordance with; meet the terms; meet; comply <ang kagamhanan wa nakaabut sa gipangsitar sa katilingban = the government failed to meet the demands of the public> 8 to be in time for; catch (up) <makaabut pa ka sa kataposang byahe = you can still catch up the last trip> 9 to be overcome emotionally, esp. after a stretch of observation; get tired or angry from <giabut og kabalaka ang iyang asawa sa pagpinaabut niya gabii = his wife was overcome by anxiety in waiting for him last night> <giabut og kalaay ang mga manan-away sa bati nga pasundayag = the spectators got tired from a lousy show> 10 to live at another’s house; live temporarily at; stay; put up at <nag-abut ko sa usa ka hotel sa Osamis = I stayed at a certain hotel in Osamiz>

abut² n. 1 the result of an endeavor; yield; earnings; income; gain; proceeds <abut sa yuta = land produce; crop; harvest> <buhis sa abut = income tax> <abut sa pangayukayu = solicitation proceeds> 2 one that arrives or has arrived; arrival <bag-ong abut = new arrival>

abut³ adj. reached or extended up to; stretched or extended as far as <kining yuta ni Tomas abut sa baybayon = this Thomas’ land is extended as far as to the beach>

abut⁴ vb. come into contact; reach; touch <miabut sa kisame ang ulo ni Habar tungud sa iyang habog nga gitas-on = Jabbar’s head touches the ceiling due to his tall height>

abut-abut vb. to arrive one after another; arrive successively <nag-abut-abut ang mga bisita = visitors are arriving successively>

abyador n. aviator; pilot

abyan _ contraction of abayan

akademya n. academy

akal¹ adj. usu. said of pocket or wallet. thick with contents; bulging <akal kaayo ang bolsa ni Iyok = Serge’s pocket is very thick>

akal² vb. to be thick with contents, esp. money <nag-akal ang pitaka ni Iyok = Serge’s wallet is bulging with money>

akang-akang vb. to walk with legs apart; walk astride <nag-akang-akang ang batang bag-ong tinuli = the new circumcised boy walks with legs apart>

akata _ variant of akatar

akatar¹ n. attention; care <ang kabataang wa’y akatar sa ginikanan nagsuroysuroy sa kadalanan = the children who have no attention by their parents are rambling around the streets>

akatar² vb. take care; care for; mind; attend <angay bilangguon ang mga ginikanang di mag-akatar sa ilang kaanakan = it is right to imprison the parents who do not attend their children>

akbu vb. to rest one’s chin, as on the windowsill <nag-akbu sa bentana ang babayeng masulub-on = the sad lady rests her chin on the windowsill>

akbuanan n. 1 something used as a resting support (as pillow) for one’s chin 2 windowsill

akin-akin¹ n. the act of swinging the lower part of the leg

akin-akin² vb. 1 to swing one’s shin 2 to swing one’s shins with someone or something riding <giakin-akin sa amahan ang iyang anak = the father swings his baby with his shins>

aklas¹ n. a group work stoppage; strike

aklas² vb. 1 go on strike; stop work; walk out <daghang ming-aklas tungud sa ubus nga sweldo = many went on strike due to poor salary> 2 rise up; revolt; rebel <ang mga Pilipino ming-aklas sa Katsilang kagamhanan = the Filipinos revolted the Spanish government>

Ako¹ pron. I am; I; me <kinsa Ako? = who I am?> <Ako kini = it is I; it is me>

ako² vb. 1 to be able to do; afford <di ko maka-ako paghimo ana nimo = I can’t afford to do that to you> 2 take upon oneself; take responsibility; shoulder; assume; bear <dili moako ang amahan sa bata = the father of the child won’t bear the responsibility>

ako-ako vb. to assume responsibility one after the other; take more than you can deal with; bite off more than one can chew <kusug mang-ako-ako tawhana bisag di niya makaya = that man used to take responsibilities even if he’s not capable to do it>

aksidente n. accident

aksyon n. 1 action; move 2 investment in a company; share; stock

aksyonan vt. future. to take action on; act on <ang bag-ong pangulo misaad nga aksyonan ang ginadiling druga = the new president promised to act on illegal drug>

aksyones n. plural. shares; stocks

aksyonista n. shareholder; stockholder

aktibidad n. activity

aktibidadis n. plural. activities

aktibista n. activist

aktibo adj. active

akto¹ n. 1 act; action <nasakpan sa akto = caught in the act> <akto sa pagtoo = act of faith> 2 episode; scene <ang mga manan-away naghinamhinam nga nagpaabut sa ikatulong akto = the viewers are eagerly waiting for third episode>

akto² vb. to be in act of dying; be in dying minutes <nanugon si lolo ni tatay sa iyang pag-akto = grandpa left a message to dad in his dying minutes>

aku pron. the one belonging to me; mine; my thing; my own <aku kana = that’s my thing> <aku ka lang = you’re mine only>

akua _ variant of aku

akua-akua _ variant of aku-aku

aku-aku¹ n. taking things for oneself alone; selfishness <puro lang ka aku-aku, di man ka makamaong mangangay = you keep taking things for yourself alone, you don’t know how to share>

aku-aku² pron. own <mabuhi ko’g aku-aku = I can live on my own>

aku-akung _ contraction of aku-aku nga

aku-aku nga adj. 1 own <makahimo ko’g aku-aku nga hukum = I can make my own decision> 2 done by myself alone; done on my own <aku-aku ra kini nga desinyo = this design is done by myself alone> 3 exclusively mine; for mine only; mine alone <aku-aku ra kini nga sekreto = this secret is mine alone>

akub¹ n. 1 clasped state, as bivalve shell of a clam 2 one thickness that lies over or under another; layer; ply; tier <ang palid-kahoy aduna’y tulo ka akub = a plywood has three plies>

akub² adj. 1 said of bivalve’s shells. closed;clasped together 2 said of layers. bonded together; bonded; laminated

akub³ vb. 1 of bivalve. to close its shells; clasp 2 [to attach together, esp. concave or front parts facing each other]; clasp <iakub ang imong mga kamut = clasp your hands> <nag-akub ang ilang mga ngabil = their lips attached together> 3 to bond, esp. layers together; laminate <iakub ang duha ka palid = laminate the two sheets> 4 of person. [to lie over another with their fronts facing each other]; cover <nasakpan niya ang iyang bana nga miakub og laing babaye = she caught her husband lying over another woman>

akung _ contraction of aku nga

aku nga adj. my; mine <ang akung amahan kanhi isug = my father was a brave man> <sa akung kasingkasing ipanumpa ko = by mine heart I swear>

akung-kaugalingon pron. myself

akuon vt. future. to take an object for oneself; own <akuon nang imong relo bi? = can I own your wristwatch?>

akup vb. to take exclusive possession; assume complete possession; monopolize <giakup sa tabian ang estorya = the chatterbox monopolized the conversation> <giakup ang lana sa tulo ka higanteng kompanya = the oil is monopolized by three giant companies>

akup-akup vb. 1 to take exclusive possession one instance after another; keep monopolizing; dominate selfishly; monopolize 2 to bite off more than one can chew

akupan adj. acquisitive; grabby

akusa(r) vb. accuse; incriminate; indict

akusado adj. accused n. person accused; accused

akusasyon n. accusation

ada n. nymph

ad-ad¹ vb. [to cut into pieces, esp. by rubbing with the sharp edge of a tool and not by hacking]; chop; slice <ad-ara ang kalbasa = slice the squash> <ipaad-ad ang troso = ask or command somebody to slice the log> <ika’y tig ad-ad sa lamas = your job is to chop the seasoning>

ad-ad² _ contraction of alad-alad

ad-aran vt. future. to mince something for <ad-aran ta ka’g lamas = I’ll mince seasoning for you> <ad-aran nakug pinya ang unud-kanding = I’ll chop pineapple for the goat meat>

ad-aranan n. an implement where something is sliced; cutting board

ad-aronon n. something to be sliced adj. set to be sliced

adelpa n. oleander

adis-adis n. drug addict; addict

Adlaw¹ n. Sun <kainit sa adlaw = heat of the sun>

adlaw n. 1 day <ulanon nga adlaw = rainy day> <adlaw sa pangilin = Sabbath day> 2 daily wage <pila ang kinagamyan nga adlaw sa mamomoo karon? = how much is the minimum daily wage of a worker today?>

adlaw² _ short for adlawng natawhan

adlaw-adlaw adj. daily; everyday; day-to-day <adlaw-adlaw nga galastohan = daily expenses> adv. every day; daily; day by day <moduaw si Nario sa simbahan adlw-adlaw = Nario visits the church every day>

adlawan¹ n. daytime; daylight <nahitabu sa dakung adlawan = happened at broad daylight> adj. occurring at day; daytime <adlawan nga hunas = daytime ebb> <adlawan nga panagat = daytime fishing>

adlawan² vt. future. to pay a worker daily <adlawan ta ka og kinyentos ka pesos = I’ll pay you five hundred pesos daily>

adlawng-natawhan n. birthday

adlawon adj. 1 sunlit; sunny; bright <adlawon nga Lunes = bright Monday> 2 pertaining to the sun; solar <adlawon nga kusug = solar energy>

adlaw-sa-mga-patay n. All Soul’s Day

Adlaw-sa-panudya n. Judgment Day; Resurrection Day

adlip vb. 1 to cut thinly, esp. with the knife or chisel <nag-alip si lolo og kawayan aron himoong tabanog = grandpa cuts bamboo split thinly for making kite> 2to reduce to thin pieces by repeated cutting with the knife <adlipa ang kapayas = reduce the papaya fruit into thin pieces>

administrasyon n. administration

adorasyon n. adoration

adorno¹ n. adornment; decoration; ornamentation; embellishment <adorno sa simbahan = church decoration>

adorno² vb. adorn; decorate; ornament; embellish

adornohan vt. future. to put an adornment on; adorn something

adto vb. to move or travel from one place to another; go <kanunay moadto si nanay sa simbahan = mom goes to church regularly>

adtoan n. place to which one is going; destination <layu ang amung adtoan = our destination is faraway>

adtoanan n. a place frequently visited; haunt; hangout; resort <nakapalag mi og bag-ong adtoanan = we found a new hangout>

adtoon vt. future. to go to a place or somebody <adtoon ta ang lugar nga ginaingon mo = let’s go to the place that you talked about> n. person or place to go to <duna ka pa’y adtoon? = do you still have person or place to go to?>

adtoonon adj. set or yet to be gone to <adtoonon pa ang abogado = the lawyer is yet to be gone to> <adtoonon nga dapit = place set or yet to be gone to> n. a person or place set to be gone to

aduna¹ aux. vb. has/have <buhat nga aduna’y kapuslanan = a work that has benefit> <aduna sila’y upat ka anak = they have four children>

aduna² n. person having substance; have <daogdaogon lang sa mga aduna ang mga wala = the haves simply oppress the have-nots>

aduna³ _ there is/are <aduna’y klase karon = there is a class today> <aduna’y huwes nga bugalbugalon ug kasobornohan = there is a judge who is derisive and inclined to accept bribe> <aduna’y mga higalang taphaw nga akung nahibaw-an = there are fake friends that I know>

aduna⁴ vi. have actual being; exist <aduna’y kataw = mermaid exists>

adunahan¹ adj. 1 wealthy; rich; well-off; moneyed <adunahan si Mario = Mario is wealthy> 2 abundant; rich; full <adunahan ang Pilipinas sa kasaysayan = Philippines is rich in history> <adunahan sa bitamina = full of vitamins; rich with vitamins>

adunahan² n. wealthy person; the rich <wa gayu’y magutman kun ang tanang adunahan manghatag = no one would ever go hungry provided that all the rich would share their blessings>

adwana n. customhouse; bureau of custom

adyos n. goodbye; farewell <adyos ka nimo higala = farewell to you my friend>

agaak n./vb. squeak; creak <nakadungog ko nga miagaak ang sira = I heard the door squeaked>

agak¹ n. 1 a thing put up to support something (as structure); prop; stay; brace; buttress <agak sa liog = neck brace> <agak sa poste = post stay> <agak sa paril = wall butress> <agak sa ubus = support from below; underprop> 2 one that supports another; supporter; aide; backer; help <nagkinahanglan ta og mga agak sa pag-abog sa mga mangingilog nga Intsik sa Spratlys = we need backers to drive off the grabby Chinese in the Spratlys> 3 economic or moral support; aid; assistance; help; subsidy <ang imong gihatag daku ‘na nga agak alang sa pagpaospital = what you give is already of big help for the hospitalization>

agak² vb. 1 support physically; hold up; uphold; prop; buttress; brace <agaka ang tiguwang sa pagtabuk sa karsada = support the oldie in crossing the road> <si Hesus mao’y nag-agak sa tanang butang = Jesus is the one who upholds all things> 2 support; aid; assist; help <ang Tinipong Kanasoran usa sa mga miagak sa Pilipinas = The United Sates is one of the nations which aids the Philippines>

agakay vb. 1 support or hold up each other 2 support or prop collectively

agakonon adj. in need of support n. one in need of support; one who cannot stand by his own

agad¹ vb. to depend, esp. on another’s action; wait and follow; be subject to <ang presyo sa palaliton nag-agad sa presyo sa lana = the price of the commodity depends on the price of oil>

agad² adj. dependent on; contingent upon; subject to; under the control of <ang barangay agad sa pagdumala sa dakbayan = the barangay is under the control of the city government>

agad-agad¹ vb. 1 to depend on whatever action that may arise; wait and follow flexibly <moagad-agad ra ang mga membro maski unsay hukum nga makab-ot sa kadagkuan = the members will just depend on whatever deciscion that the heads may have> 2 to be flexible to any mood or situation; adapt; adjust <makaagad-agad ra ko sa taras sa akung asawa = I can be flexible to my wife’s fitful behavior>

agad-agad² adj. 1 dependent on different situations <ang kita agad-agad lang sa gidaghanon sa mamalitay = the income is dependent on the volume of customers> 2 adjustible with different decisions or actions <agad-agad ra ang konseho sa Mayor = the council is adjustible with the decisions of the Mayor> 3 flexible to any situation; adjustable; adaptable; amenable <agad-agad ra ang bitin, pwede siya makapuyo sa kamad-an o sa tubigan = the snake is adaptable, it could stay either on the dry land or in the water>

ag-ag vb. [to separate chaff from grain by tossing them to the air with a tray]; winnow

agalon n. 1 head of a group; master; boss; chief 2 person who employs; employer; owner; proprietor <daghang Pinay ang gipanglugos sa ilang mga agalon sa kamusliman = many Filipino women are raped by their employers in Muslim regions or countries>

agap adj. greedy; acquisitive; grabby; grasping n. acquisitive person; grabber

agaray _ see agay

agas¹ n. 1 a continuous drop of liquid or grains; (downward) flow 2 an escape of liquid or grains; leak; leakage; seepage

agas² vb. of liquid or grains. to drop continuously; flow

agas³ adj. permitting the unwanted passage of liquid or grains; leaky; leaking <agas nga sudlanan = leaky container>

agas-agas vb. of liquid or grains. fall or flow repeatedly <nag-agas-agas ang bugas gikan sa sako = the grains are flowing repeatedly from the sack>

agas-og-kamut adj. careless in spending (thus, money disappears easily from one’s hand); wasteful

agaw¹ n. a term used to call a cousin or relative

agaw² vb. 1 grab away; snatch; steal <may miagaw sa bag sa babaye = somebody snatched the lady’s bag> 2 not allow to have; deprive <giagaw nimo ang akung kalipay = you deprived me of my happiness>

agawon _ variant of agalon

agay interj. ouch!

agay-ay n. 1 the part of wood decayed by woodborers or termites 2 the fine particles of wood caused by woodborers

agbay vb. to place one’s arm, esp. over somebody’s shoulder

agda vb. to ask, usu. for a drink or food; invite <giagda kuno sila’g inum sa ilang kauban = they said their mate invited them for a drink> <miagda og panuroy ang ulitawo sa dalaga = the boy asks the girl for a date>

aghat vb. 1 spur to action; urge; egg on; incite; encourage; drive; enthuse <ang internet makaaghat sa tawo pag himo og lawasnong mga buhat = the internet can urge a person to commit sexual acts> 2 convince; induce; influence; persuade <nangaghat ang mga lain og tinoohan = the non-Catholic believers are convincing other people> 3 recruit

agho vb. [to express “hoo” loudly, as an expression of despair]; sigh

aghup adj. often used in interjection. meek; gentle <pagka aghup nimo og nawong! = how meek is your face!>

agi¹ vb. 1 make way through; pass <miagi mi sa taytayan sa Maktang = we passed the Mactan bridge> 2 go through, as a trial; experience; pass <moagi ka og pagbansaybansay = you will undergo training> 3 come to pass; go by; pass by; pass; fly <kitang tanan mangagi lamang = we all come to pass> 4 make a short stop; drop; drop in; come by <moagi ko sa inyong balay unya = I will come by your house later> 5 of writing tool. to produce with mark; write <di moagi ning bolpena = this ballpen doesn’t write>

agi² prep. by way or means of; by; through; via <agi sa mamala = via land>

agi³ n. 1 the sum earned by a worker; salary; earnings; income <giintrigo sa bana ang iyang agi ngadto sa asawa = the husband handed his earnings to his wife> 2 the quantity produced; output; produce; production <pila’y agi natu karon? = how much is our output today?> 3 workmanship; work <gipapha ang trabahante nga bati og agi = the worker who has poor workmanship is laid off> 4 something done or completed; performance; deed; achievement; accomplishment <wap-a siya’y agi isip barangay kapitan = he has no performance yet as a barangay captain> 5 something experienced; experience; background; (track) record <unsa kaha’y agi anang tawhana nga butbuton man manulti = what must be the track record of that man that he talks boastfully> 6 the mark produced by a writing tool; line; stroke; tracing <nindot og agi ning bolpena = this ballpen got a nice stroke> 7 handwriting; penmanship; script <ang akung agi bati = my penmanship is bad> 8 the mark left after passing; track; trace; trail <agi sa tiil = track left by foot; footprint> <agi sa daro = trace of plow; furrow> <agi sa mamaktasay = hiker’s trail>

agi⁴ vb. 1 to deliver with a quick stop; drop; drop off <iagi ang kwarta sa ka tiyu nimo = drop the money at your uncle’s place> 2 to make a quick stop; drop in; drop by <pag-agi og tambal sa botika = you drop by at the pharmacy to buy medicine> <agia si lolo nimo sa tambalanan = you drop by at the hospital to visit your grandpa> agianan n. a means of passing; passage; way; path; track; channel; course; corridor <agianan sa hangin = air passage> <agianan sa tubig = watercourse> <agianan sa mamaklayay = walkway; footpath>

agik-ik¹ n. giggle

agik-ik² vb. giggle <miagik-ik ang mga dalaginding sa lawak = the girls are giggling in the room>

agid _ variant of amgid

agila n. eagle

aginud vb. go very slowly or with difficulty; move hard along; drag; crawl <nag-aginud ang trapiko = the traffic is moving very slowly>

agi og prep. as a way of; as a gesture of <ilang gihatag ang gasa agi og pasalamat = they gave the gift as a gesture of gratitude>

agipo n. a partly burnt or glowing firewood; firebrand

agi sa prep. through; by; via <gipadala agi sa e-mail = sent through e-mail> <gilibot ni Madyelan ang kalibotan agi sa dagat = Magellan circumnavigated the wolrd via sea>

agiw n. ash, (esp. of thin material as leaf or paper) <agiw sa papel = paper ash> <agiw sa tabaku = tobacco ash>

agiwan n. ash tray or vessel

agmod¹ n. grunt

agmod² vb. grunt <miagmod ang baboy = the pig grunts>

agnas vb. of dead body. decompose; rot

agni vb. 1 convince; persuade; induce; influence 2 to convert, esp. into other faith

agohu n. allocasuarina

agong n. tom-tom

Agosto n. August

agos¹ n. flow; current <agos sa samad = flow of blood> <agos sa dagat = sea current>

agos² vb. flow <miagos ang dugu gikan sa samad = the blood flows from the wound>

agosan n. the place where water is flowing

agpas¹ vb. 1 go after; follow; pursue; chase <moagpas ko sa akung pinangga sa Amerika = I will follow my sweetheart in America> 2 come from behind; catch up; draw level <dobleha ang imong pagtuon aron makaagpas ka sa leksyon = double your study so that you can catch up the lesson> 3 grasp by the mind; catch; comprehend; understand; fathom; get <wa nakaagpas ang mga tinun-an sa gipanulti sa magtutudlu = the students didn’t get what the teacher was talking>

agpas² n. comprehension; understanding; perception; grasp <agpas sa pagbasa = reading comprehension> <ang ilang agpas mahitungud sa Bibliya kulang = their understanding about the Bible is lacking>

agrabiyar vb. grieve; complain

agrabyado adj. aggrieved <ang agrabyado nga habig mipasaka og pag-angal = the aggrieved party filed a complaint> n. the aggrieved party or side

agresibo adj. aggressive <agresibo kaayo = too aggressive; pushy>

agta n. a giant black supernatural being

agtang¹ n. forehead

agtang² vb. to hit on the forehead <giagtang ang biktima = the victim is hit on the forehead>

agukoy n. fiddler crab

agulu vb. [to utter a deep inarticulate sound, as from sudden sharp pain); groan <miagulu ang boksingero pagkaigu sa iyang tiyan = the boxer groans when his stomach is hit>

agum vb. to experience, esp. pain or hardship; suffer; taste; undergo <matag binuhat makahiagum og mga pagsulay = every person will experience trials>

agunto _ see agutnga

agungal n. corncob

agungoy vb. [to utter a prolonged, inarticulate sound, as from excruciating wound]; wail; yowl; howl <nag-agungoy ang mga pasyente sa sakit = the patients wails with pain>

agup-up n. mold; mildew

agup-upon adj. moldy

aguroy _ see aguy

agus adv. I bet <agus, di ka motoo kun sultihan ta ka = I bet, you wouldn’t believe me if I tell you>

agutnga n. [a quick deep sound made after holding breath as in lifting a heavy object or enduring pain]; grunt

aguy interj. oh my; my goodness; gosh; gee <aguy, ka gwapa niya! = gosh, she is so beautiful!>

aguyangyang n. jequirity; crab’s eye

agwa n. 1 water 2 perfume

agwada vb. to carry or fetch water, usu. for pay

agwador n. one whose work is to carry or fetch water; water carrier or fetcher

agwanta vb. endure; bear; withstand; tolerate

agwantador n. person who is tolerant against pain or hardship adj. capable of withstanding pressure or pain; tolerant; forbearing <ang babaye kuno agwantador og sakit = a woman is said to be tolerant against pain>

ahat¹ adj. 1 occurring before the proper time; untimely; unripe; premature <ahat nga sulong = untimely attack> 2 born too early; premature <ahat nga bata = premature baby> 3 said of fruit. picked before maturity

ahat² vb. to take, use, or do prematurely <miahat og uli si Makoy kay namatay iyang amahan = Makoy went home prematurely because his father died>

ahedres n. chess

ahedresan n. chessboard

ahensya n. agency <ahensya sa pamantay = security agency>

ahente¹ n. agent; broker; middleman

ahente² vb. to act as middleman <miahente ko sa yuta sa akung mga apohan = I acted as agent of my grandparents’ land>

ahentehan vt. future. to act as middleman of <ang tag-iya di gustong ahentahan ang iyang yuta = the land owner doesn’t want a middleman to transact the selling of his land>

ahog¹ vb. 1 to mix together, usu. referred to tiny loose materials or water; mix up; mix <iahog nimo ang balas, semento, ug tubig = you mix up the sand, cement, and water> 2 admix; mix; add <iahog ang tubig sa semento = you mix the water into cement>

ahog² n. 1 combination (of ingredients); mixture; blend 2 something mixed; mixture; ingredient

ala vb. fail to recognize; mistake; confuse <perming maala si lola sa kaluha = grandma often confuses the twins>

alak n. wine

alad n. pen; cage <alad sa baboy = pigpen; sty>

alad-alad n. a pen-like structure; poorly built sty

alagad¹ n. servant; server <alagad sa publiko = public servant>

alagad² vb. to work as a servant; serve; work for <buut kong mangalagad sa katawhan = I want to serve the people>

alagad (sa simbahan) n. church servant; churchman; layman; secular <mga alagad = laymen; laity; lay ministers>

alagian _ variant of agianan

alahas n. jewel; jewelry <peke nga alahas = fake jewelry>

alahito n. marigold

alalay¹ n. 1 person assisting another; assistant; attendant; helper; supporter; sidekick; crony <si Markos daghan to’g mga alalay = Marcos had a lot of cronies> 2 backup; support; assistance <ako’y kuha ining kasoha, alalay lang ka naku = I’ll take this case, you just act as my backup> 3 a thing supporting another; support; prop; brace; buttress <di kini madalidali og ka lamba kay may alalay sa ubus = it won’t collapse easily because it has prop from underneath>

alalay² vb. 1 assist; attend; support; help <daghan ang mialalay ni Alan = many assisted Allan> 2 support (physically); hold up; prop; bolster; brace

alam _ see alamag

alamag n. know-how; knowledge; background <wa ko’y alamag anang bahina = I don’t have a background on that portion>

alam-alam¹ n. pacifying words; placation

alam-alam² vb. placate; appease <maayong moalam-alam si Manny = Manny is good at placating>

alambre n. wire <gakut nga alambre = tie wire>

alampat n. art

alampuan _ variant of ampuanan

alansiyang n. a species of small black bird with red eyes; starling

alantoson _ variant of antosonon

alang prep. in the interest of; for <kaangayan alang sa tanan = justice for all>

alang-alang¹ prep. for the sake of; only for <buhaton ko kini alang-alang sa akung gugma ka nimo = I’ll do this for the sake of my love for you>

alang-alang² adj. 1 not thorough; partial; incomplete; half; half-baked <alang-alang tawo, alang-alang mananap = half man, half animal> <alang-alang pagkalutu = not thoroughly cooked; undercooked; half-baked> 2 not enough; insufficient; inadequate; short of <alang-alang nga ebidensya = insuffifient evidence> <ang tawo nga alang-alang og kahibalo kasagaran mao’y butbuton = the person who has insufficient knowledge is the one prone to brag> <alang-alang mi sa kwarta sa pagkakaron = we are short of money as of now> 3 not in due time; untimely; prematurely; precipitate <alang-alang nga pagsulong = untimely invasion or attack> <alang-alang nga pag-anak = premature birth> 4 having no enough time; out of time; late <alang-alang na ron iuli = it’s late now to go home>

alang-alang³ vb. 1 to be or do untimely <ayaw alang-alanga ang bunga = don’t pick the fruit untimely> <ayaw pag-alang-alang og lihok = don’t move prematurely> 2 fall short of <naalang-alang mi sa oras maong di pa mi makauli = we fall short of time thus we can’t go home for meantime> 3 fail to satisfy; provide partially; feed insufficiently <ayaw alang-alanga og pakaon ang iru = don’t feed the dog insufficiently>

alaot adj. miserable; woeful; wretched; luckless

alap-ap vb. shin; shinny

alarma¹ n. alarm

alarma² vb. alarm <naalarma ang kapolisan = the policemen were alarmed>

alarmado adj. alarmed

alas n. ace (playing card)

alat n. a large basket; hamper; wickerwork box <alat sa mga bulingon = dirty clothes hamper>

alatimanon _ variant of atimanonon

alawaton adj. serving example; exemplary; ideal to follow <ang pagsilbi sa uban nga wala’y bugti usa ka alawaton nga buhat = to serve others without a return is an exemplary work>

alayaron adj. unlikable; disagreeable; hateful; spiteful <ang pagdawat og saborno usa ka alayaron nga lihok = to accept bribe is a spiteful act>

albolaryo n. faith healer

alkalde n. mayor

alkanse vb. 1 to earn less than you invest; lose; suffer a loss <naalkanse mi sa maong patigayon = we lose on that business transaction> 2 to get short of <sayoha aron di ta maalkanse sa oras = make it early so that we won’t get short of time>

alkanse¹ n. 1 deficiency of the actual or set amount; deficit; lack; shortage <ang sukod may usa ka sentimetro nga alkanse = the measurement has one centimeter shortage> 2 financial deficiency, as in business; deficit; loss <nahiagum og dakung alkanse ang negosyo namu sa una = our business suffered a great deficit in the previous>

alkanse² adj. 1 deficient in actual or set amount; short; lacking <ang timbangan alkanse og duha ka gramo = the scale is short with two grams; the scale is two grams short> <alkanse sa gidak-on = short in size> 2 not gaining or profiting; suffering a loss <alkanse ang tindahan = the store is not gaining> 3 having no edge or advantage; at a disadvantage <alkanse ang atung manok sa tapad = our bet is at a disadvantage in the match>

alkansiya n. drop box for saving money; money-box; penny-box; piggy bank

alkate n. pliers

alkitran n. tar; pitch

alkoba n. ceiling

alkontra¹ n. counteracting agent; antidote

alkontra² vb. counteract; oppose; go against <daghan ang mialkontra sa laraw sa pagtambak = many have opposed the reclamation plan>

alegar vb. allege; assert

alegasyon n. allegation

alegre adj. festive; merry; jolly; hilarious <alegre nga pasundayag = hilarious show>

alegreha interj. how festive <alegreha lagi sa kasaulogan gahapon! = how festive was the celebration yesterday!>

Aleman n. German

Alemanya n. Germany

alerto adj. alert

alho n. a large pestle

ali¹ n. 1 blockade; hindrance; hurdle; obstacle; impediment <mga ali sa karsada = road barriers> 2 partition; divider; screen; wall; fence; hedge; barrier <ali nga sementado = concrete wall> <ali sa lawak = room divider> <ali sa bentana = window screen>

ali² vb. 1 of person or animal. to stand or lie on a passage <ayaw pag ali naku = don’t stand on my way> <nag-ali ang bitin sa dalan = the snake lies on a path> 2 to block, esp. a passage; bar; obstruct; impede <moali sa awasanan ang basura = the garbage will obstruct the drainage> 3 put up a divider; partition; wall; screen <narra ang iali namu sa lawak = we will use narra wood to wall the room> 4 to cover or hide by screening; screen; shield; conceal <ang itum nga panganod miali sa kainit sa adlaw = the dark cloud screens the sunlight>

alibangbang n. butterfly

alibwag vb. 1 to run or fly to different directions; scatter 2 of gas or smell. to spread <mialibwag ang angso sa lawak ni lola = the uric odor spreads inside grandma’s room>

alibyo n. improvement, as from sickness or poverty; betterment; alleviation

alikate n. a long-nosed pliers

alig-alig vb. to push oneself to take a task even if he has no capability to do it

aligato n. a small glowing particle; spark

aligbay vb. to hang on the shoulder, as towel

alig-ig vb. usu. refers to milled corn. to separate fine grains from coarse grains or chaff by shaking and tossing them on a woven try

aliid vb. sidestep; evade; elude; dodge

alilitik n. mantis shrimp

alim vb. be cured; heal <ang sakit sa gugma di maalim = love hurt won’t heal>

alima¹ n. 1 nurture; care; rearing <ang mga ihalas nga tanum motubu bisag wa’y alima = wild plants can grow even without nurture> 2 in kasing game. the process in which a player beat his top with the cord to keep it spinning still

alima² vb. 1 help grow; rear; nourish; nurture; foster 2 to care, as a sick; attend; nurse; treat

alimahanan¹ adj. 1 in need of nurture <alimahanan pa ang bata = a baby is still in need of nurture> 2 in need of treatment or nursing; to be nursed; to be taken cared <duna siya’y masakiton nga alimahanan sa balay = she has a sick to be nursed at home>

alimahanan² n. 1 one to be reared (such as child, suckling, seedling, etc.) 2 one to be nursed (such as sick, patient, elderly, etc.)

alimango n. a species of large black crab

alimatok n. bloodsucking worm; leech

alimpatakan n. brain; mind

alimpolo n. hair whorl

alimpolos n. whirlwind

alimpos _ contraction of alimpolos

alimungaw n. semi-consciousness; half-consciousness

alimungawong vb. to have remembered, esp. physical appearance; have recognized <pasensya na! wa ko nakaalimungawong nimo dayon = sorry! I had not recognized you right away>

alimuut adj. lacking fresh air; poorly ventilated; stuffy; sultry <alimuut nga lawak = stuffy room> n. often used in the negative. stuffy condition; stuffiness <lawak nga wa’y alimuut = a room without stuffiness; a fresh room>

alimyon¹ n. sweet smell; fragrance; scent; aroma <alimyon sa bulak = scent of flower>

alimyon² vb. 1 to give off, esp. sweet smell <mialimyon ang kahumut sa kabulakan = the fragrance of flowers gives off> 2 to have a sweet odor; smell sweet; scent <nangalimyon ang palibot = the surroundings smells sweet>

alindahaw n. a very light rain; drizzle

alindanaw n. dragonfly

alindanga _ see alimuut

alindasay vb. move about restlessly; be uneasy; fidget; toss <nag-alindasay ang inahan kay wap-a mauli ang iyang anak-babaye = the mother is uneasy since her daughter has not yet come home> <nag-alindasay ang bata sa higdaanan = the child tosses in the bed>

alindulum¹ n. a cloudy sky indicative of rain; bad weather

alindulum² vb. be or get cloudy <nag-alindulum ang panahon = the weather gets cloudy>

alintabo vb. of heart. to beat heavily; pound; thump <nag-alintabo ang akung dughan = my heart is pounding in my chest>

alinupong vb. of one’s children. to grow almost the same in height <nag-alinupong ang inyong mga anak nagtimailhan nga sikit ang ilang pangedaron = your children are growing almost the same it indicates that their ages are close>

alingagngag n. the ceiling of the mouth; palate

alingasavb. of usu. baby. to be noisy or uneasy, as from discomfort <nag-alingasa ang bata kay basa ang lampin = the baby is uneasy because the diaper is wet>

alinggat vb. detect; spot; discern <wa nakaalinggat ang tagbantay sa kawatan = the guard wasn’t able to detect the robber>

alingiing _ variant of alingiting

alingisig _ see alingugngug

alingiting vb. beextremely hot; be sweltering <nag-alingiting nga kainit sa adlaw = scorching heat of the sun>

alingugngug adj. loud and irritating to the hearing; noisy; strident; piercing; raucous <alingugngug nga hilak = shrill cry> n. a loud irritating noise; harsh sound; stridency

alipagha n. skin rash or irritation

alipatpat vb. be bleary; blur

alirong vb. of group. 1 form circle; circle around; circle <ang mga manuwaay nag-alirong = the players are forming circle> 2 to circle around someone or something; crowd around; surround <nag-alirong ang mga magtutuon sa ilang magtutudlu = the students surrounded their teacher>

alirongan vt. future. to encircle with individuals; crowd around; besiege; surround <alirongan ta og mga bato ang tanum = let us surround the plant with stones>

alisbo¹ vb. 1 to give off, esp. gas 2 to give off, esp. bad odor; fume; reek; smell bad; stench <nangalisbo ang utut sa saringan = fart is fuming in the classroom>

alisbo² n. gas

alisngaw¹ vb. steam; evaporate; vaporize <moalisngaw ang tubig kun initon = water will evaporate when heated>

alisngaw² n. steam; vapor; hydrogen gas

alisngawan n. steam outlet

alisngawan-sa-aso n. smokestack; chimney

alisto adj. quick in discerning; alert; wide-awake; vigilant

aliwang n. a species of thin reddish ant

aliwas n. gorilla

almagre n. ochre or ocher <almagre nga dalag = yellow ochre>

almasiga n. agathis philippinensis

almirante n. admiral

almirol n. starch; fabric stiffener

almirolan vt. future. to apply or stiffen fabrics with a starch; starch <aron motuskig ang panapton, almiroli siya = to stiffen a fabric, apply it with starch>

almoranas n. hemorrhoids; piles

almoranason adj. having hemorrhoids

alog vb. fetch, esp. water <atong mga bata pa mi kanunay ming mag-alog og tubig = when we’re young we used to fetch water>

alon n. surf; wave

along _ see awong

alpabeto n. alphabet <ang mga inapil sa pulongnanan gihan-ay sa Alpabeto = the entries in the dictionary are arranged in Alphabet>

alpelir n. safety pin

alsa vb. 1 lift (up); uplift; raise <makaalsa si Esyang og usa ka sakong bugas = Letty can lift up a sack of rice> 2 rise up; revolt; mutiny; rebel <ang mga Pinoy mialsa batok sa kagamhanan sa Katsila = the Filipinos rose up against the Spanish government>

altapresyon n. high blood pressure; hypertension

alternatibo n. alternative

alu _ see awu

alugbati n. spinach

alum _ variant of awm

alusiman n. purslane

alut¹ n. 1 the result of cutting strands or twigs; trim; cut <lingin ang alut sa tanum = the trim of the plant is spherical> 2 the result of cutting hair; haircut <bati ka og alut = you got a bad haircut>

alut² vb. to cut shorter, esp. hair, strands, or twigs; trim; barber; lop; prune <maayong moalut ang bayut = a boy homosexual is expert at trimming hair>

alyado adj. allied <alyadong mga kusug = allied forces>

alyansa n. alliance

alyas n. alias

amaama n. stepfather

amakan n. a sheet made of woven bamboo splits

amag¹ n. a soft light; glow; afterglow; phosphorescence; luminescence <amag sa buwan = glow of the moon> adj. shining softly and steadily; glowing; phosphorescent <amag ang puting sinina sa ngiub = the white dress is phosphorescent in the dark>

amag² vb. glow

amag-amag¹ adj. somewhat gleaming or glowing

amag-amag² vb. keep glowing <nag-amag-amag ang panit ni An-an = An-an’s skin keeps glowing>

Amahan n. God the Father; Father

amahan n. father

amahong n. a type of sea mussel that adheres abundantly on the face of rock, this is smaller than tahong

amamaliw n. monster

amamangloy n. katydid

amang adj. unable to speak; dumb; mute n. dumb person; mute

amang-amang vb. to dare to cross somebody, usu. somebody of great background or ability <ayaw pag-amang-amang anang tawhana kay hanas ‘na sa karate = don’t you dare to cross that man because he is a karate expert

amaon n. male sponsor at baptism; godfather

amasona n. masculine woman; amazon

amatong n. a raised platform made of piled stones

amaw adj. offensive. (mentally) retarded; idiotic; imbecilic; stupid n. retarded person; idiot; moron; imbecile; dolt

amawa interj. what an idiot!

amaw-amaw adj. offensive. somewhat retarded; stupid; unintelligent; slow n. stupid person; dullard; dolt; simpleton; dimwit

amay n. 1 the rotten soft tissue in wood 2 bone marrow

amayon adj. said of wood. having a rotten soft tissue

ambak vb. 1 jump; hop; leap; skip<makaambak si Arnel og taas = Arnel could jump high> <ang bida miambak sa pikas atup = the protagonist leaps onto another roof> 2 jump down<miambak ang mga sundalo gikan sa eroplanong igugubat =the soldiers jumped down from the warplane> 3 pass over; omit; skip; leave out <miambak og grado si Merriam = Merriam skipped a grade> 4 climb down<hadlok ko moambak sa atabay = I’m afraid to climb down a well> 5 step or go down <nagdumili pag ambak si Makoy gikan sa pagkapangulo = Marcos refused to step down from presidency> 6 to come out from one’s house

ambak-ambak vb. 1 jump repeatedly; keep jumping <moambak-ambak ka aron motarong ang imong katakus sa pag-ambak = you keep jumping so as to improve your jumping ability> 2 jump playfully or happily; caper <nag-ambak-ambak ang mga bata pagka kita sa mga gasa = the children caper upon seeing the presents>

ambakan vt. future. 1 jump on, onto, or over <ayaw kabalaka di ta ka ambakan = don’t worry I won’t jump on you> 2 to skip or omit something <ambakan nimo og usa ka palid sa dili pa ang pasiuna = you omit a page before the introduction>

ambakanan n. 1 the point or platform where one jumps from; jump-off 2 the point or platform where one jumps onto

ambahan¹ n. moving crowd; drove; herd; caravan

ambahan² vb. 1 to come, go together; move in crowd; throng; flock; pass in file <nag-ambahan ang mga kanding sa kasagbotan = the goats go together on the grassland> 2 get together <mag-ambahan kita sa pag-ampu = let us get together in praying; let us pray together>

ambalang n. a type of antler seaweed

ambas¹ adj. identical in amount, ability, or quality; equal; equivalent; tantamount <ambas sila sa pagkautokan = they are equal in intelligence>

ambas² vb. be equal or tantamount <ang gikusgon sa linog sa Bohol moambas og traynta’y dos ka atomikong bomba = the intensity of Bohol earthquake would be equal to the force of thirty two atomic bombs>

ambas-ambas adj. slightly equal

ambasan vt. future. equalize; level; even out <lisud ambasan ang kadatu ni Henry Sy = it’s hard to equalize the richness of Henry Sy>

ambi _ give (it) me <ambi ‘na = give it me> <ambi ang katala = give me the adjustable wrench>

ambid _ variant of amgid

ambihas adj. 1 uneven, usu. on the tips or edges; not flush; jagged <ambihas ang tumoy sa silhig tukog = the broomstick’s tip is jagged> 2 inversely proportional; opposite <ambihas mong duha, imong asawa gastador ug ikaw tihik = you two are opposite, your wife is spendthrift and you are niggardly>

ambil adj. said of trousers’ bottom. wide <uso sa una ang karsones nga ambil = the trousers with wide bottom was trending before>

ambisyon n. ambition

ambisyosa _ feminine of ambisyoso

ambisyoso adj. ambitious

ambit¹ vb. 1 partake; take a share; share <gidapit ang tanan sa pag ambit sa pagkaon = all are invited to partake the food> 2 to buy part or some of the goods acquired by another <mahimong moambit sa imong kuha? = can I buy some of your catch?>

ambit² n. 1 an instance of partaking another’s goods 2 buying part of another’s goods

ambong n. a framework for storing things; crib; rack <ambong sa mais = corn crib>

ambongan adj. 1 said of male person. pretty; handsome; gorgeous; good-looking <ambongan si Aga = Aga is good-looking> 2 impressive in beauty; beautiful; splendid; grand; magnificent; elegant; stately <ambongan nga talan-awon = grand view> n. pretty boy; handsome man; goergeous guy

ambulansya n. ambulance

ambus n. surprise attack; ambush

ambusan vt. future. to ambush somebody

ambut _ I don’t know

amen¹ interj. [used to express solemn ratification or agreement as in a prayer]; amen; so be it

amen² n. a gesture of respect by a young person toward an elderly marked by taking the elderly’s hand and press it on their forehead

amen³ vb. 1 of young person. to take the elderly’s hand and put on their forehead 2 say yes to; agree; acquiesce; assent <wa mi miamen sa katarongan sa Huwes = we don’t agree to the judge’s explanation> 3 to accept humbly as true; acknowledge; admit; concede <ang ubang mga politiko di moamen sa ilang kapildihan = some politicians acknowledge her defeat>

amenado adj. 1 amenable; agreeable <amenado ang konseho sa tanyag sa mayor = the council is amenable to the mayor’s proposal> 2 accepting as true; acknowledging; admitting <amenado ang bag-ong tagdumala nga wa siya’y kasinatian sa pagdumala = the new manager is admitting that she has no experience in management>

amendar vb. amend <may mga gustong moamender sa batakan-balaod = there are some who want to amend the constitution>

Amerika n. America

Amerikana¹ n. female American

amerikana² n. [a man’s garment with sleeves esp. worn for formal occasion]; tuxedo; dinner jacket; suit jacket; coat

Amerikanhon adj. pertaining to America; American <Amerikanhong sayaw = American dance>

Amerikano¹ n. 1 a native of America; American <ang mga Pilipino gisakup sa mga Amerkano kanhi = Filipinos were subjugated by Americans before> 2 male American; American man <daghang Pinay ang gustong magminyu og Amerkano kay kwartahan = many Filipino women like to marry an American because they are moneyed>

Amerikano² adj. referring to a native of America; American <Amerikano nga agila = American eagle>

Amerikanohon adj. of like an American; having the trait of an American <Amerkanohon og panit si Baloy = Baloy has a skin like of an American>

amgid¹ adj. similar; alike; akin <kasagaran ang kaluha amgid og pamantang = usually twins are similar in feature>

amgid² vb. become similar to; resemble <nagkadugay ang iyang nawong miamgid sa iyang inahan = as time goes by her face becomes similar to her mother>

amgid-amgid¹ adj. somewhat similar

amgid-amgid² vb. to be somewhat similar to <kining matanga moamgid-amgid og hilahila = this species is somewhat similar to a land snail>

amgo vb. realize; come to realize; become aware <nakaamgo na ko sa akung sayup = I have now realized my mistake>

amiga n. female friend

amigo n. male friend

amihan¹ n. north wind

Amihan² n. wife of Datu Humabon

amihanan n. northern region or part; north adj. northern; boreal

amimislon n. kidney

amiriko n. faith healer

amnestiya n. amnesty

amnesya n. amnesia; loss of memory

amo n. 1 head of a group; master; lord; boss; chief; superior; manager 2 person who employs; employer; business owner

amoamo n. person who is like a boss; somewhat a boss

amok vb. go or run amok <may nag-amok niadtong pista sa Opong = there was a person who ran amok during the Opon fiesta>

among¹ n. complicated situation; implication; mess; entanglement <ikaw ang nagdala sa among = you are the one who brought the mess>

among² vb. to involve, esp. in a complicated state; embroil; entangle; implicate; bring into a mess <ayaw kog iamong sa imong kabuang = don’t involve me in your folly>

among-among vb. 1 to damage, esp. physically; injure; harm; hurt <may nag-among-among sa akung libro = somebody damaged my book> <nag-among-among lang gyud ka sa imong lawas sa panigarilyo = you only harm yourself by smoking> 2 to damage, esp. one’s reputation; dishonor; disgrace; shame <duna gyu’y tawo nga di magpanuko pag among-among sa dungog sa uban = there’s always a person who doesn’t hesitate to damage another’s reputation> 3 put in peril or danger; imperil; jeopardize <nag-among-among lang ka sa kompanya tungud sa imong kabagra = you put the company in peril by your negligence> 4 assault sexually; rape; violate; defile <aduna’y pastor nga miamong-among og batan-ong babaye = there is a pastor who violated a young woman>

amor n. love <wan-a siya’y amor sa iyang bana maong mibiya siya = she has no more love for her husband that’s why she left>

amoral vb. [to win the love of a woman in an artful manner]; court (a woman) <si Mario di makamaong mangamoral = Mario doesn’t know how to court a woman>

amoroso¹ n. failure to repay an obligation when due; delinquency

amoroso² vb. to fail to repay an obligation when due; be delinquent

amorseko n. burry love-grass

amot¹ n. 1 amount put up, as one’s share in a fundraising; amount contributed; contribution <gitali ang akung amot sa kobrador = the collector recorded my contribution> 2 help given, usu. monetary; donation; contribution; alms <gisangyaw sa simbahan ang mga pangalan sa nanghatag og amot = the church announces the names of people who gave donations>

amot² vb. 1 to give as one’s share of a fundraising; put up; contribute <matag usa moamot og dos syentos ka pesos = each will put up two hundred pesos> 2 to give along with others, usu. monetary; contribute; donate <moamot ko og ilimnon sa kasal = I will donate drinks for the wedding party>

amot-amot¹ n. a system of raising fund through contribution by members of a group

amot-amot² vb. to give help along with others; contribute <nag-amot-amot ang mga lomulupyo para itukud og simbahan = the community contribute money to build a church>

amotan n. amount or something to be contributed; contribution <tag dos syentos ka pesos ang amotan matag sakup = the amount to be contributed is two hundred pesos per member> <wala ka pa makahatag sa amotan = you have not yet given your contribution>

amotanan¹ n. 1 pending amount to be contributed 2 person needing contribtions or donations

amotanan² adj. needing contributions or donations (esp. monetary) <ang namatyan amotanan = the bereaved family is needing financial help>

amotay vb. 1 to give help to each other <mag-amotay ming managsuon kun kinsa’y wala = we siblings give help to each other whoever in need> 2 to give help along with others; contribute <nag-amotay ang mga magtotoon para sa namatyan = the students are contributing money for the bereaved family>

ampaw n. [a cracker that is mainly made of dried rice and sugar]; rice puffs

ampay adj. favorite <unsa’y imong ampay nga bolok? = what is your favorite color?> n. favorite; preference; liking <ang ampay naku nga isda mao ang danggit = my favorite fish is danggit> <basta bolok ang hisgotan wako’y ampay = when it comes to color I don’t have preference>

amping vb. 1 act with care; be careful; be cautious <pag amping nga di ka matiktikan = be cautious that you will not to be detected> 2 handle or treat with care; take care of; protect <ang maayong dungog moamping nimo = good reputation will take care of you>

ampinganan adj. to be held with care; requiring delicate handling; delicate <ang masoso ampinganan gayud = infant should be held with care> <ampinganan ang bildo = the glass is delicate>

ampiyon n. opium

ampo² _ see amot

ampo-ampo _ see amot-amot

ampohan _ see amotan

ampohanan _ see amotanan

ampohay _ see amotay

ampu vb. 1 to address God with supplication; pray; beseech <pag ampu aron ayohon ka niya = pray to God so that He will heal you><nag-ampu kami ka nimo, oh Ginoo! = we beseech you, oh Lord!> 2 surrender; give up; submit; yield <di moampu ang mga masupilon = the rebels won’t surrender>

ampuan vt. future. 1 to pray to (God) <ampuan ta ang Ginoo kanunay = let us pray to God always> 2 surrender to; bow to <di ta gayud ka ampuan = never will I bow to you>

ampuanan n. 1 house of payer; pray room; chapel 2 a structure for praying; altar

amu¹ n. ape; orangutan

amu² pron. 1 ours (excluding the addressee); the thing belongs to us; our property or share <kining butanga dili amu = this thing is not ours> <ayaw hilabti ang amu = don’t touch our property or share> 2 our place or home <init sa amu = our place is hot> <lapokon ang dalan paingon sa amua = the way leading to our home is muddy>

amua _ variant of amu

amuamu adj. 1 exclusively for us (excluding the addressee); without outside participation <ang mga tagagawas wa’y labot, amu-amu ra ‘ni nga salo-salo = outsiders are not included, this party is exclusively for us> 2 done by ourselves alone (excluding the addressee); done on our own <amu-amu ra kining panahum = this is only our own idea> <kining tanan nahimo sa amu-amu nga paningkamut = all of these are made possible by our own effort>

amuaamua _ variant of amuamu

amuma vb. to promote the growth or development of; nurture; nourish; rear; nurse <ang tulubagon sa ginikanan mao ang pag amuma sa ilang anak = the parents’ obligation is to nurture their child> <nag-amuma ang ilang inahan og bardado sa gawas = their mother nurses an invalid abroad>

amung _ contraction of amu nga

amu nga adj. our (excluding the addressee) <ang amung gugma mipalig-on sa amung kalambigitan = our love strengthens our relationship>

amuon² adj. somewhat an ape; ape-like

ana¹ pron. [objective case of kana, often placed not at the beginning of the sentence]. that; that one; it <nakaila ko ana = I know that> <ayon siya ana = she likes it>

ana² adj. [often placed not at the beginning of the sentence].that <wa ko nasayod mahitungud anang balitaa = I don’t know about that news>

ana³ interj. that’s it; you do it correctly

anaa¹ prep. 1 used to show a state or condition; in <ang pamilya anaa sa pagbangutan karon = the family is in bereavement today> 2 used to show location or site; located in or at; in or at <ang rebulto ni Lapu-lapu anaa sa Maktang = Lapu-lapu’s monument is located in Mactan> <anaa sa ospital nagtrabaho si Isang = Riza works at the hospital> 3 used to show position; in, on, or at <ang mga papeles anaa sa hunos = the papers are in the drawer> <anaa na sa talad ang pagkaon = the food is now on the table> <anaa’y tawo sa pultahan = somebody is at the door>

anaa² aux. vb. has/have <anaa siya’y tinaguan = she has a secret>

anaa³ n. person having substance; have

anaa⁴ vi. to have actual being; exist <anaa ba’y engkanto? = does fairy exist?>

anaa⁵ vb. keep company with; be with <ang Ginoo maanaa kaninyo! = the Lord be with you!>

anaa⁶ adj. being in a certain place; present; here; around <anaa ang magtutudlu = the teacher is present or around> <anaa mi sa Mindanao = we are here in Mindanao>

anak n. son or daughter; child; offspring

anakan¹ _ same as ankan

anakan² vt. future. to cause a woman to give birth; impregnate a woman

anak-anak n. 1 one’s child in a play 2 foster child

anakanan n. maternity (hospital)

anak-babaye n. daughter

anak-lalake n. son

anak-sa-gawas n. a child who is born out of wedlock or adultery; illegitimate child

anak-sa-liking-kawayan n. offensive. a child whose parents are unknown

anak-sa-pagpakasala n. offensive. a child who is born out of adultery or wedlock; bastard; illegitimate child

anad¹ vb. 1 get or make used to; habituate; acclimatize; accustom <maanad ka ra ana = you will get used to it> <gianad niya ang iyang anak sa pakighalobilo = she habituates her child to mingle with people> 2 make tame or docile; tame; domesticate <gianad sa maanyag nga maestra ang sawa = the beautiful teacher tamed the python> 3 practice <ayaw pag anad og dugay maabut = don’t practice being late>

anad² adj. tame; docile; easy to get; unresisting; submisive <anad nga manok = tame chicken> <anad nga babaye = easy to get woman>

anad³ adj. habituated; accustomed; experienced; practiced <anad si Haring Dabid sa pakigsangka = King David was experienced in fighting> <anad og lakaw si Eping = Philip is accustomed to walking> <anad og laag = well-traveled>

anad⁴ vb. of behavior. be or get spoiled <nag-anad ka na kay di mobadlong ang imong mga ginikanan = you get spoiled because your parents do not discipline you>

anad-anad¹ adj. 1 somewhat tame; slightly docile <anad-anad nga manok = slightly docile chicken> 2 somewhataccustomed to <anad-anad sa panagat = somewhat accustomed to fishing>

anad-anad² vb. train one’s behavior partly or occasionally; practice <pag anad-anad og pag panglutu = you practice cooking>

anag vb. to broil, esp. cornfruit

anagon n. a young corn fruit ideal for broiling

anagonon adj. referring to cornfruit. set to be roasted n. a young corn fruit to be roasted

anahaw n. footstool palm

analisar vb. analyze

anam-anam¹ adj. 1 gradual; by degrees; bit-by-bit; peacemeal 2 one after another n. a gradual or bit-by-bit action

anam-anam² vb. to turn, do, or take gradually <ang kahayag nag-anam-anam og siga = the light shines gradually>

ananangkil n. bird of prey

anang _ contraction of ana nga

anapog n. limestone

anarkiya n. anarchy

anay¹ n. mother pig

anay² n. termite; white ant

anayon¹ vt. future. 1 of termites. to consume or infest the wood <ayaw ibutang ang kahoy sa yuta kay anayon = don’t place the wood on soil for termites will infest it> 2 to be infested with termites

anayon² vt. future. to keep female pig for breeding

ankan adj. having gone to giving birth; having a child; with child (in the previous relationship) <ankan daan ang iyang asawa = his wife has a child in the previous relationship>

andak vb. bluster <nangandak siyang tumbahon ang iyang kontra, apan siya ang natumba = he blustered about knocking out his opponent, but he was the one who knocked out>

andakan adj. given to blustering n. blusterer; big talker; windbag; bigmouth

andador n. baby-walker

andam¹ adj. prepared; ready; willing <mitungha ang magtutudlu sa klase nga andam = the teacher came to the class prepared> <ang tinuod nga bayani andam mamatay = a true hero is willing to die> n. something prepared; preparation <kulang sa andam = lack of preparation>

andam² vb. prepare; get ready

andamyo n. gangplank

andana n. floor; storey

andar¹ vb. 1 of machine. a.) work; run; operate; function <di moandar ang bentilador = the ventilator won’t operate> b.) begin to work; start <di moandar ang daang awto = the old car won’t start> 2 to occur, as anger or bad habit <miandar na pud ang sapot sa iyang anak-babaye = her daughter’s tantrum occurs again>

andar² n. 1 work of machine; run; operation; function 2 the sound produced by an operating machine

ander¹ vb. to dominate, esp. by a wife over her husband; domineer; henpeck <sala ang mangander og bana = it is a sin to henpeck a husband>

ander² _ contraction of anderdesaya

ander-de-saya adj. henpecked

anduhaw n. island mackerel

anelika n. life plant

anestesya n. anaesthesia

anha vb. [used when the first person is talking to a distant addressee as through letter or phone]; come or go there <moanha mi sa inyohang lugar = we will go there in your place>

anhi vb. come here <moanhi ang kaigagawan natu ugma = our relatives will come here tomorrow>

anhianhi vb. to come here every now and then <mag-anhianhi ang amahan sa bata = the father of the child comes here every now then>

anhing adj. past in life; deceased; late; former

ani¹ n. harvest; crop; yield <ting-ani = harvest season>

ani² vb. harvest; reap; crop; gather; pick

ania adj. [said when the person or object referred to is near to the speaker and the addressee];here; present <ania ang tanang membro = all members are present> <ania na usab ako = here I am again>

anib¹ n. chapter <kataposang anib sa sugilanon = last chapter of the story>

anib² vb. to take another without completing the preceding one

anib-anib vb. to take another after another without completing the preceding ones

anibersaryo n. anniversary

anig-ig n. streamlet

anihonon adj. going to be harvested n. crop to be harvested; harvest

animo n. trifle; bit; little

aninaw vb. observe; examine; study <aninawa ang palibot = observe the surrounding>

anindot _ variant of nindot

aninikad n. little bear conch

aninipot n. firefly; lightning bug

anino n. shadow; shade

anit n. 1 rawhide 2 leather

anito n. fetish; idol

anlalabaw n. middle finger

anlit n. a small round-shaped earthen cooking pot

ano _ archaic. [a word used to ask the addressee whether your statement is understood by them]; right?; isn’t it?

anod¹ n. material carried by wave; drift; driftwood; flotsam

anod² vb. to be carried along; drift

anod-anod vb. to drift to and fro <mora og alindahaw nga sa hoyohoy gianod-anod = such a drizzle that drifts to and fro in the breeze>

anonas n. custard apple

anot n. shrub

anta _ give me <anta anang imong gikaon = give me some of the food you eat> <anta og kwarta = give me money>

antagonista n. antagonist

Antartika adj./n. Antartic

antepara n. eyeglasses, esp. for eye protection; protective glasses; goggles

antego vb. 1 have knowledge of; know <di ko maantego mosayaw = I don’t know how to dance> 2 learn <naantego kong magbisikleta pagka dose naku = I learned how to bike when I was twelve>

antes conj. before <panghunaw antes ka mokaon = wash your hands before you eat>

antikristo n. antichrist <ang dili motoo sa Amahan ug Anak usa ka antikristo = the one who doesn’t believe the Father and the Son is an antichrist>

anting-anting n. talisman; amulet; lucky charm

antipo _ see antipolo

antipolo n. artocarpus blancoi

antog vb. to toss, esp. a coin

antogonon n. the turn of a player to toss the coins in a hantak game

antos vb. bear the pain; endure; suffer; sustain

antosonon n. something to endure; burden; problem; cross; Calvary

antulihaw n. oriole

antuwanga n. gumamela; hibiscus

antyohos n. eyeglasses; glasses; spectacles; specs

antyohosan n. to put an eyeglass on the eyes

anugon adj. a waste; a pity; regrettable <anugon ang maong kahigayonan = that opportunity is a waste>

anugona interj. what a waste; what a pity

anuhus _ variant of anuus

anular vb. annul

anunsyo¹ vb. announce

anunsyo² n. announcement

anunugba n. moth

anuus n. soot

anuuson adj. sooty

anyil n. indigotin; indigo; bluing

anyo n. year

anyos n. plural. years <kwarenta anyos = forty years>

ang¹ (def. art.) the a.) used before a noun <ang ngilngig nga tigpaaron-ingnon = the great pretender> <ang kasaysayan sa Pilipinas = the history of the Philippines> b.) used before an adjective or verb word functioning as a noun <ang nagkinahanglan = the needy> <ang dinaogdaog = the oppressed> <ang sinumbong = defendant>

ang² prep. referring to value. per; a <tag dos sentos pesos ang kilo = two hundred pesos per kilo>

angaang¹ n. sharp sensation of pain; smart; sting; prick

angaang² vb. to have a pricking sensation; prick; smart; sting <nag-angaang ang ngipon naku = my tooth is pricking>

angal¹ n. grievance; complaint; protest <kinsa tong may angal sulti lang = the one who has grievance just speak up>

angal² vb. express grief or discontent; complain; grieve; grumble; protest <ang moangal sa kuymi silotan = the one who complains with the referee will be penalized>

angan-angan vb. hold temporarily; postpone; suspend; put off <palihog iangan-angan ang tagal = kindly delay the schedule>

ang-ang n. 1 one of the steps of a ladder or stairway; rung; crosspiece; stair <ang amung hagdan may pito ka ang-ang = our ladder has seven rungs> 2 grade; degree; level <unang ang-ang sa elementarya = first grade in the elementary> <mitaas ang ang-ang sa tubig-dagat = the level of the seawater increases> 3 story or storey; floor; level <anaa mi sa ikaduhang ang-ang sa gambalay = we are located in the second storey of the building> 4 shelf <ibutang ang mga pinilu sa ang-ang sa aparador = put the folded clothes on the wardrobe’s shelf>

angat vb. draw near; come close; approach <nag-angat na ang pasko = Christmas is now drawing near>

angay¹ adj. 1 suitable; appropriate; proper; fitting <salida nga angay sa mga bata = a show that is suitable for children> 2 worthy; deserving <angay tinguhaon = worthy of desiring; desirable> <angay silotan = deserving punishment> 3 reasonable; sensible; right; just <angay bang ibalik ang silot nga kamatayon? = is it reasonable to bring back the death penalty?> 4 proportional; proportionate; balanced; symmetrical <dili angay ang gidak-on sa iyang ulo ngadto sa iyang lawas = the size of his head is not proportional to his body> 5 blending pleasantly; harmonious; concordant <angay ang mga bolok sa bangaw = the colors of rainbow are blending pleasantly> <angay ang mga tingog sa mga kwerdas = the sounds of the musical strings are harmonious> 6 fair; equal <angay nga hustisya = fair justice> <dili angay ang pagbahinbahin sa bahandi = the distribution of the wealth is not equal>

angay² vb. 1 give portion; share; allot; assign <iangay ang imong grasya = share your blessing><duha ra ka adlaw ang giangay para sa bakasyon = only two days are allotted for vacation> 2 to part in two evenly or fairly; halve; divide <giangay sa duha ka anak ang kabtangan = the two children evenly divided the estate> 3 to change so as to fit; adjust; proportion; balance <angaya ang tingog = adjust the sound> <wa naangay og tarong ang kahayagon sa telebisyon = the brightness of the television is not well balanced> 4 to bring or come to musical accord; harmonize; attune; tune; chord <di ko makamaong moangay og sista = I don’t know how to tune a guitar> 5 make or become fair <iangay ang imong dinad-an aron di ka dumtan = make your method of management fair so that nobody will hold a grudge against you>

angay³ n. one of the parts into which a whole is divided; division; portion; section <gibahin sa dose ka angay ang yuta = the land is divided into twelve portions>

angay⁴ n. 1 proportion; symmetry; balance <suhira ang angay sa imong linilok = check the proportion of your sculpture> 2 arrangement of musical sounds; tune; melody; harmony; chime <yabag ang angay sa piano = the tune of the piano is off-key>

angay⁵ aux. vb. should; must; need; ought <angay nga masayod ang publiko = the public must know>

angay⁶ vb. to find agreeable to; like <wa makaangay ang suki sa sapatos = the customer doesn’t like the shoes>

angay⁷ n. good looks; beauty; attraction; grace <ipakita ang angay sa imong linilok = show the beauty of your sculpture>

angay⁸ vb. to give an attractive look; be looking nice <moangay ba kaha ning atung buhat inigkahuman? = will our work be looking nice when it’s finished?>

angayan¹ adj. 1 pleasing or nice to look at; comely; good-looking; attractive; cute; pretty; lovely <angayan tan-awon ang mga buwak = flowers are nice to look at> <angayan ka og mga mata = you have a cute eyes> <angayan sa tanan = altogether lovely> 2 looking-good with something matched; becoming <angayan ba ko sa akung kwintas? = am I looking good with my necklace?> <angayan ka sa imong buhok = your hair is becoming on you> 3 attractive in action or gesture; graceful; elegant <angayan siya mosayaw = she is graceful with the way she dances> 4 compatible; harmonious <angayan ‘mong duha = you two are compatible> 5 deserving; worthy <dili angayan si Ben isip kagawad = Ben is not deserving as councilor>

angayan² n. worthy one

angay-angay¹ n. give-and-take

angay-angay² vb. give and take; give each other <apat mag-angay-angay ‘mo kay managsoon mo = you should instead give each other because you are siblings>

angay-angay³ vb. 1 to part into three or more portions accordingly; divide; partition <giangay-angay sa tulo ka managsuon ang yuta = the three siblings partition the land> 2 to part and give out to three or more individuals accordingly; distribute; parcel out; apportion <giangay-angay ngadto sa mga iro ang karne = the meat is distributed to the dogs> 3 to divide among three or more persons accordingly; share; divide <giangay-angay sa mga sundalo ang bisti ni Hesus = the soldiers divided Jesus’ clothes among them>

angayan-angayan adj. 1 somewhat looking good 2 somewhat compatible 3 somewhat deserving

angay-basolan adj. worth regretting; regrettable

angay-basolon adj. blameworthy; blamable; culpable

angka vb. cease pursuing; give up; surrender

angkab _ variant of ingkib

angkahay n. surrendering act, esp. by any of conflicting parties; surrender; giving up <sa lagda sa manggugubat wala’y angkahay = in the warrior’s code there is no surrender>

angkas¹ vb. 1 to stand on the hind legs; rear (up); ramp <miangkas ang kanding aron abuton ang dahon sa tanum = the goat rears up to reach the plant leaves> 2 [to sit with legs each side of bicycle, horse, etc.]; ride; mount <nag-angkas ang mag-uuma sa iyang kabaw = the farmer is mounting his water buffalo> <miangkas ang bata sa iyang amahan = the child rides on the back of his father>

angkas² n. [the one riding behind a horse driver or bike driver]; backride <nakita ko ang imong bana nga may angkas nga babaye = I saw your husband having a woman backride>

angkasanan n. the seat on the back as of horse or bicycle; pillion; saddle

angkat¹ vb. 1 to take for resale on credit 2 to buy from outside (from other land, region, or country); import <ang humay sa Sugbo dili makasapar sa mga Sugbuanon, busa kinahanglang moangkat sila sa Bohol = the rice in Cebu cannot sustain the Cebuanos, therefore they need to buy from Bohol>

angkat² n. the amount of goods taken on credit

angkaton vt. future. 1 to take goods for resale on credit 2 to buy goods from outside

angkla n. anchor; grappling iron

angkon¹ vb. 1 to demand as one’s ownership; claim; stake out <ang Pilipinas miangkon sa Spratly = The Phlippines claims the Spratlys> 2 own; possess; have <ang mananaog makaangkon og balay ug luna = the winner can own a house and lot> 3 achieve; attain <sa kakugi maangkon ang mga damgo = through hard work dreams can be achieved> 4 take to oneself; apporopriate <giangkon sa mga mamungkuay sa bakanteng luna = the squatters appropriated the vacant lot> 5 accept as true; admit; acknowledge <Si Loren ug Bongbong di moangkon og kapildihan = Loren and Bongbong won’t accept defeat> 6 to take care of something for; take responsibility of <ako’y moangkon sa ilimnon sa inyong kasal = I’ll take care of the drinks for your wedding party> 7 of man. to succeed in having sex with a woman; penetrate; take <swerte kaayo ang lalake nga makaangkon sa iyang kaputli = how lucky is the man who can take her virginity>

angkon² n. one’s due; share; allotment; portion; cut; dividend <angkon sa gimbuhaton = share of the work> <ibaligya ang angkon ni tiya = auntie’s portion is for sale>

angga¹ n. nickname;pet name; moniker; epithet; appellation <halos matag-usa may angga = almost everyone has a nickname>

angga² vb. nickname; name; dub; tag

angganyar vb. display pompously

anggulo n. angle

anghel n. angel

angheles n. plural. angels

anghelon adj. angelic <anghelon nga nawong = angelic face>

anghit n. a wicked odor in the armpit

anghiton adj. having a wicked odor in the armpit

angin _ see among

angoango n. senile dementia; senility; second childhood; dotage; Alzheimer’s disease

angoangohon adj. affected by senile dementia; demented; senile n. senile person; dotard

angol¹ n. person injured in a battle or disaster; casualty; victim; collateral damage

angol² vb. become a casualty

angot vb. last; persevere; endure; sustain; survive <miangot lang og duha ka oras ang panagtigum = the meeting only lasted for two hours> <kana nga mangingisda makaangot og baynte singko ka segundos nga wala’y ginhawa = that fisherman can endure up to twenty five minutes without breathing>

angso adj. said of urine. smelly <angso nga ihi = smelly urine> n. stench of urine; urine odor

angtod n. 1 the odor exuded from a heated thing (as cloth, hair, or rice) 2 a body odor generated by heat of the sun or stuffiness

angul-angul¹ vb. 1 to be not completely full with something fed <naangul-angul ko sa pagkaon nga ilang gidulot = I’m not completely full with the food they served> <naangul-angul sa tubig ang tanum = the plant got watered incompletely> 2 feed partially; make or leave unsatisfied <ayaw angul-angula ang iru aron di mokaon og patay = don’t feed the dog partially so that it won’t eat dead animal>

angul-angul² adj. that cannot satisfy; not enough; insufficient <angul-angul nga sweldo = insufficient salary>

apa¹ n. ice cream cone

apa² n. wafer; waffle

apale n. lesser yam

apan¹ conj. but; however <maanyag siya apan gamay = she’s beautiful but petite>

apan² n. 1 an unwanted characteristic; handicap; impediment; drawback <may apan sa sinultihan si Hosep = Joseph has a speech impediment> <lawasnon nga apan = physical handicap> 2 defect; flaw; blemish <apan sa panit = skin defect> <wala’y apan = flawless>

apan-apan n. grasshopper

ap-ap n. whiteheads

apapangig n. jaw; mandible

apapangigon adj. jawstrich

ap-apon adj. having whiteheads

aparador n. cloth cabinet; wardrobe

apas¹ vb. go after; follow; catch up; pursue <apas naku sa Sugbo = follow me to Cebu>

apas² vb. 1 to be overtaken, esp. by untimely hardship <giapas sa ihi ang pasahero = the passenger had urinated in the vehicle> <giapas sa kapit-os ang pamilya = the family is overtaken by crisis> 2 to go after, esp. something valuable <sapi ra’y giapas anang bayhana sa tiguwang = that girl is only going after the money of the man>

apason¹ vt. future. to follow someone or a vehicle

apason² adj. short of time, as you need double time to catch up

apasumpay n. a continuing part of a series; continuation; sequel

apat vi. [used to suggest a good action in place of the previous]; should have; should be <apat ika’y tig-ulang kay polis ka = you should have been the one who acted as pacifier since you are a policeman> <ikaw apat ang tigpatultul ug dili ang lain = you should be the leader and not the other person>

apaw vb. 1 to flow over the top of; overflow <miapaw ang tubig sa tangke = the water overflows its tank> 2 to be filled beyond capacity; overflow <miapaw ang bugasan sa bugasmais = the grains bin is overflowed with corn grits>

apdo n. gall; bile

apektado adj. affected <apaktado nga kadapitan = affected areas>

apektar _ same as apekto

apekto vb. affect <nakaapekto sa kalibotan ang kainit = heat has affected the globe>

apelar vb. appeal; entreat <miapelar sa mas taas nga hukmanan ang napildeng habig = the losing party appealed to the higher court> <miapelar mi sa imong kaayo nga unta ihatag nimo ang amung gipangayu = we appealed to your kindness that you may grant our request>

apelasyon n. appeal; plea; entreaty

apelyido n. family name; last name

apiki adj. not enough; insufficient; short; lacking <apiki sa oras = short of time> <apiki sa kwarta = short of money; strapped> <apiki sa gitas-on = lacking in height>

apil¹ vb. 1 make part of; include; involve; incorporate; take account of <iapil mi sa lista = include us in the list> 2 take part; participate; take involved; join; enter <daghan ang buut moapil sa lega = many want to join the league>

apil² n. 1 a person who takes part in a group or action; participant; entrant; member <ang mga apil sa pasundayag, pangandam mo = those who are entrants of the show, be ready> 2 the one taking part in a contest; contestant; participant; entrant; entry <ang mga apil sa bangga napulu ka buuk = the entries in the contest are ten> 3 something involved in a structure or domain; part; component; member <ang pulu sa Bantayan apil sa probinsya sa Sugbo = Bantayan island is a component of the province of Cebu> 4 participation; involvement <giingong apil ang mga mayor sa pamaligya og druga = the mayors are said to have participation of the drug trade>

apil³ adj. involved; included <di kana apil sa kasabotan = that is not included in the agreement>

apil-apil vb. to enter without invitation or right; intrude; encroach; obtrude; poke one’s nose into <di maayong moapil-apil sa kahimoan sa uban = it’s not good to intrude another’s affair>

aping n. cheek <pulahon nga aping = rosy cheek>

apir n. high five

apla _ see aplud

aplikante n. person who applies for a job; applicant

aplud adj. slightly bitter, as the taste of a young fruit

apo n. grandchild

apod¹ vb. to give or hand without skipping anyone; give out; hand out; distribute; deal out

apod² adj. said of recipients. given each; equally provided

apod-apod vb. distribute broadly

apog n. [a white substance produced by burning limestone, shell, or bone]; lime

apoganan n. lime area

apogon adj. limy

apohan n. grandparent

apohan-sa-tuhod n. great grandparent

apong vb. 1 to watch, esp. closely; observe <ganahan kong mag-apong sa tawo nga nagakulit og imahe = I like watching a man who is carving an image> <nag-apong ang kapatas sa iyang mga tawo nga namuhat = the foreman watches or monitors his men who are working> 2 to attend, esp. one who is needing care; stay with; nurse; give care <ang managsuon misuhol og tig-atiman aron moapong sa ilang masakitong inahan = the siblings paid a care giver to nurse their ailing mother>

apongbabaye n. granddaughter

aponglalake n. grandson

aporo n. lining of a dress

apo-sa-tuhod n. great grandchild

apostol n. apostle <si apostol Pedro mao ang unang Papa = apostle Peter was the first Pope>

apostoles n. plural. apostles

aprobado adj. approved

aprobar vb. approve <di moaprobar ang mayor sa proyekto basta wa’y padanglog = the mayor does not approve the project if there’s no bribe>

apud _ see aplud

apul¹ vb. of liquid. to thicken; clot; coagulate; curdle

apul² n. soft mass; clot <may apul sa dugu ang ulo sa pasyente = the patient’s head has a blood clot>

apul-apul¹ n. plural. clots <apul-apul sa dugu = clots of blood>

apul-apul² vb. to form in clots <nag-apul-apul ang dugu sa salog = the blood is forming in clots on the floor>

apupa adj. open to harm; exposed; susceptible <apupa sa abog ang balay ni Sento = Sento’s house is exposed to dust>

apura vb. 1 haste; hurry <aylang pag apura moabut ra lagi ta = just don’t haste we will get there eventually> 2 urge hastily; haste; hurry up; hasten <sige lang gyud og apura namu si amo = our boss keeps urging us hastily>

apurado adj. 1 excessively eager; hasty; rash; impulsive <apurado lang ka sa imong hukum = you are just impulsive in your decision> 2 requiring immediate action; pressing; rush; urgent <apurado ang bag-ong gipahimo = the new order is rush> 3 said of person. demanding immediate action; pressing; insistent <apurado ang nagpahimo = the customer is pressing>

Arabo n. native of Arabia; Arab; Arabian

Arabya n. Arabia

Arabyanhon adj. Arabic

Arabyano n. person from Arabia; Arab; Arabian adj. relating to Arabia; Arabian

arak _ archaic word for alak

arang¹ vb. 1 to be the right shape or size for; fit <dili na moarang ang sapatos naku = the shoes does not fit me anymore> 2 to have room for; accommodate <ang hotel moarang og usa ka libo nga mga dinapit = the hotel can accommodate one thousand guests>

arang² adj. capable;efficient <arang makaayo og sakit ning tambala = this medicine is capable of healing sickness>

arang³ adv. used as an intensifier. what; how; damn <arang sayupa! = what a mistake!> <arang paita kinabuhia! = how bitter my life is!> <arang maayoha sa pagkaon! = the food is damn good!>

arangan adj. 1 good; fine; okay 2 in looks; good-looking; beautiful; gorgeous <arangan og dagway ang asawa ni Edgar = Edgar’s wife is beautiful> 3 good in living conditions; well-off; well-to-do; rich <arangan og kahimtang ang pamilya ni Nikolasa = Nicole’s family is well-off>

arang-arang adj. 1 slightly good; fair; satisfactory; mediocre <arang-arang nga grado = satisfactory grade> 2 partially recovered in health; less sick; a bit okay <arang-arang na ang galamnon = the patient is now a bit okay> 3 in a better condition; better-off <arang-arang na ang ekonomiya sa Pilipinas = the economy of the Philippines is now better-off> 4 financially better; better-off; slightly rich <arang-arang ang banay sa iyang pangasaw-onon = the family of his future wife is better-off>

arang-arangan¹ adj. having a fair status or characteristic <arang-arangan og kahimtang = having a fair means; somewhat wealthy; middle-class; bourgeois> <arang-arangan og pamantang = having a fair look; fairly pretty>

arang-arangan² n. 1 fairly rich person; middle class; bourgeois 2 person or object having a fair appearance; fair one <ilain ang mga arang-arangan, ilain ang bati = separate the fair ones from the bad ones>

arangkada¹ n. a sudden onset; onslaught; charge; rush; onrush

arangkada² vb. 1 dash forward; rush charge; advance suddenly 2 start a journey or progress; set off

aras n. tobacco ash

aray¹ _ variant of aruy

aray² vb. to have a food or drink beside <nag-aray og kape ang tigulang samtang nagbasa = the old man has a coffee beside him while reading>

arayan vt. future. to put food or drink beside somebody <arayan ta mo og beer sa pista = I will provide you with beer on the feast day>

arbor vb. to take or ask possession of something held by another

arka n. ark

arkanghel n. archangel

arkipelago n. archipelago

arkitekto n. architect

arkitektura n. architecture

arko n./adj. arc

arktiko n. arctic

aregla _ variant of areglar

areglado adj. 1 finished and available for use; prepared; ready; arranged <areglado na ang mga dalad-onon = baggages are now ready> 2 said of problem or case. arranged; settled; fixed <areglado na ang kaso niya sa pagpanglugos = his rape case was already settled>

areglahonon¹ n. 1 someone to attend to; patient; sick 2 matter to be dealt with; obligation; problem

areglahonon² adj. needing or set to be attended <mga pasyente nga areglahonon sa ospital = patients to be attented in the hospitals> n. the one needing care or attention

areglar vb. 1 take care of; mind; attend; look after <areglaha nang imong kaugalingon = mind your own self> 2 of usu. woman. to tidy herself; preen; primp; groom <dalaga na si Luming, makamao na siyang mangareglar sa iyang lawas = Luming is now a lady, she already knows how to preen herself>

areglo¹ n. 1 arrangement (of a case); negotiation; compromise; settlement <gusto og areglo ang sinumbong = the accused wants negotiation> 2 arrangement (of the parts of work of art); composition

areglo² vb. negotiate; settle; bargain

arestado adj. under arrest

aresto vb. arrest; apprehend <dili moaresto ang polis kung wala’y sugu sa pagdakup = the police won’t arrest a person if they don’t have an arrest warrant> <giaresto ang tawo sa salang pagpatay = the man is arrested of murder>

argumento n. argument

ari vb. come here <moari ang manunukud ugma = the surveyor will come here tomorrow>

ariari vb. to come here repeatedly; keep coming here <moariari ang uyab ni Phredo = Fred’s girlfriend keeps coming here>

ariba n. a percentage, usu. from the proceeds of a cockfight

arinola n. urine bowl

arion vt. future. to come here for <arion ta sa mamamalit = the buyer will come here for us>

arisgado adj. bold; daring; brazen; cheeky <pagka arisgado gud nimo nga mosulti ana! = you are too cheeky to say that!>

arisgar vb. take risk; dare; venture <di mangarisgar ang kompanya ana = the company won’t take that risk>

arites _ see ariyos

ariya vb. 1 dispose; dispatch; send off <iariya ang mga butang nga di magamit = dispose the stuffs that are no longer usuable> 2 depart; leave; set off or out; move off <moariya sa alas 8 sa gabii ang barko = the ferry will depart at 8p.m.> 3 move away; pull away; partcompany; disengage <pagka human sa piging miariya ko = after the dinner party I pulled away>

ariyos n. earring

armada n. armada; fleet <armada sa Katsila = Spanish fleet>

armado adj. with weapon; armed <armado nga pundok = armed group>

armal¹ n. the meeting of parts of an item; assembly

armal² vb. meet the parts; assemble

armalanan n. assembly area or table

armario n. armoire

armas n. arm; weapon

armasan¹ _ see armado

armasan² vt. future. to provide with weapon

arnis n. a Filipno art of self-defense employing stick as weapon

aron¹ adv. so that; in order that/to; so as to <paninguha aron moasenso ka = work hard in order for you to progress> <namurikat siya aron mapakaon ang iyang ang mga anak = she prostituted herself in oder to feed her children>

aron² pron. the one presently heard; this sound <nakadungog ka aron? = have you heared this sound?>

aron ingnon adv. so that someone or people will say <nanghatag siya og kwarta aron ingnon datu siya = he or she gives away money so that people will say she is rich>

arso n. bodybuilding; workout

arsohanan n. bodybuilding gym

arsobispo n. archbishop

arte¹ n. 1 art; creativeness; inventiveness <arte sa pagkuriskuris = art in sketching> 2 the performance of an actor or actress; play; act <arte sa intablado = a play on stage> 3 affectation; acting; pretense or pretension; trick <arte ra tong iyang labad = his headache was a pretense only> 4 squeamish behavior; particularity; meticulousness <ganahan ko sa babayeng wa’y arte = I like woman with no particularity>

arte² vb. 1 to perform in a play; play; act <si Sharon mao’y moarte isip inahan = Sharon will act as the mother> 2 to deceive by acting; act; pretend <miarte siya nga gisakitan og tiyan = she acted to have stomachache> 3 beautify; embellish; decorate

arte³ adj. particular; squeamish; fastidious; finicky; fussy <arte parte og kapulido = particular when it comes to quality>

arte⁴ vb. be squeamish

artehan¹ vt. future. 1 to beautify something; decorate; embellish 2 to beautify someone; primp

artehan² vt. future. to find somebody’s behavior overly particular <artehan ko anang bayhana = I find that woman overly particular>

artehon adj. somewhat squeamish

arterya n. artery; vein

artesyano n. artesian

artiko n. arctic

artikulasyon n. articulation

artikulo n. article

artilyera n. artillery

artista n. 1 person skilled in creative activity; artist 2 stage player; movie star; actor or actress

artistahon adj. 1 having the looks or potential of an actor or actress <artistahon ka’g dagway = you look like an actor> 2 skilled in pretending or inventing stories <ayaw padala sa iyang hilakhilak kay artistahon siya = don’t be carried away by her crying act because she is skilled in pretending>

aruy interj. ouch!

asa¹ vb. to mind, esp. one’s statement or action; care (about); heed; react; bite; buy <ang moasa sa buang labaw pang buang = the one who minds the fool’s action is even more foolish> <ang ilang mga anak dili moasa nila = their children don’t heed their instructions or orders>

asa² adv. to what place; where <asa ka padulong? = to what place are you going; where are you going?> adj. being what one; which <asa nga bolok ang imong pilion? = which color you choose?> pron. which one; which <asa sa tan-aw nimo ang mas maayo? = which do you think is better?>

asa³ vb. 1 shall never <asa ko motoo nimo = I shall never believe you; don’t expect me to believe you> 2 would have never <asa man ka mosugot kun wa ka pa nakagusto niya = you would have never said yes to him if you don’t like him>

asado adj. roasted; barbecued <manok asado = roasted chicken>

asahan vt. future. to mind one’s statement or action; react; bite; buy <di angay asahan ang pulong sa bakakon = it’s not reasonable to mind a liar’s speech> <ayaw og asahi ang mga tigpanaway = don’t care about the detractors>

asal vb. to cook on a spit, usu. whole animal; barbecue; roast

asalan vt. future. to barbecue a whole animal for

asalanan n. the place where barbecuing of animal is done

asalon vt. future. to barbecue a pig, chicken, or cow

asalonon adj. to be barbecued n. an animal usu. pig or chicken set for barbecuing

asawa n. wife

asawa-asawa n. 1 sort of a wife 2 a woman who lives with a man outside marriage; concubine

asawahan adj. having a wife n. married man

asawahon vt. future. to take a woman as wife <gusto kong asawahon si Nikolasa = I want to take Nicole as my wife>

asawahonon n. prospective wife; future wife

asdang vb. to move closer, as in attacking; press forward <nangatras ang mga Israelita pag-asdang ni Golayat = the Israelites retreated when Goliath pressed forward>

asenda _ see asyenda

asensado adj. 1 improved; progressed <asensado na ang Maktang = Mactan is now improved> 2 relieved from poverty; rich <asensado na si Wewe = Wewe is now rich>

asenso¹ n. improvement; betterment; progress

asenso² vb. become better; progress; be improved

aseras n. sidewalk

aserawo adj. of pure steel; steely

asero n./adj. steel

aserohon _ see aserawo

asete n. oil, esp. for lubrication; lubricating oil

asetehan vt. future. to apply with lubricating oil

asgad adj. bitter; acrid

asgad-asgad adj. slightly bitter

asiasi vb. take or handle easily

asiasihon vt. future. to take someone or something easily

asikaso¹ n. care; attention

asikaso² vb. take care of; attend; look after

asikasohon vt. future. to take care of someone or something

asido n. acid

asidohon adj. acidic

asilo n. asylum

asin n. salt

asinan¹ n. 1 a vessel for salt 2 a place where salt is made or stocked

asinan² vt. future. add or mix with salt

asinanan adj. yet to be salted

asinon vt. future. 1 to make or process (seawater) into salt; be converted into salt <ilang asinon ang dagat nga anaa sa walog = they will process the seawater in the pool into salt> 2 to treat or preserve with salt; be salted <nindot asinon ang isdang gigming = it’s nice to treat tiny fishes with salt> <naghugas ko’g isdang gigming aron asinon = I wash tiny fishes to be salted>

asin-asin n. 1 the fine crystals that spread on one’s skin usually formed after sweating or sea bathing 2 substance that looks like fine salt

asin-asinon adj. said of skin. covered with salt crystals <asin-asinon ang imong bitiis = your lower legs are covered with salt crystals>

asinon adj. filled with salt; salty

asir vb. be effective; work; succeed <wa moasir ang bag-ong plano = the new plan didn’t succeed>

asister vb. to follow or go with the burial procession

aslonon _ contraction of asalonon

aslay¹ adj. 1 filled beyond capacity; overfull; overfilled; brimful; overflowing <aslay nga bukag = overfilled basket> 2 said of stomach. big <may mga polis nga aslay og tiyan = there are policemen who have big stomach>

aslay² vb. be full overly; overfill; overflow

aslum adj. sour; acid; tart n. sour taste

aslum-aslum adj. somewhat sour <ganahan kog aslum-aslum = I like a somewhat sour taste>

asno n. donkey

aso n. smoke

asoaso n. a smoke-like something, as fog

asoasohon adj. foggy; misty <asoasoho nga kabuntagon = foggy morning>

asoge n. quicksilver

asohon adj. smoky <asohon nga basurahan = smoky dump site>

asoy vb. tell a story or event; narrate; recount; relate

asoyan vt. future. to tell a story to

aspaltado adj. asphalted

aspalto n. asphalt

aspeto n. aspect

astrolohiya n. astrology

astronomiya adj. astronomy

astronomo n. astronomer

asukar n. refined or white sugar

asugi n. matchstick

asul n./adj. blue; azure

asunting n. ringworm bush

asunto n. lawsuit; suit

asupre n. sulphur

asuprehan vt. future. to apply with sulfur

asusena n. white lily

Asya n. Asia

Asyanhon adj. pertaining to Asia; Asian <Asyanhong mga nasud = Asian nations>

Asyano¹ n. 1 a native of Asia; Asian <asyano kini nga kahoy = this tree is a native of Asia> 2 Asian person

Asyano² adj. referring to a native of Asia <asyano nga langgam = Asian bird>

asyenda n. a large farm; hacienda; ranch

asyendera n. (female) hacienda owner

asyendero n. (male)hacienda owner

asyos adj. particular, usu. about personal appearance n. particularity (about personal appearance)

asyosa _ feminine of asyoso

asyoso n. a person who is particular about his looks

at _ contraction of alat

ata n. the black fluid secreted by octopus, squid, etc.

atabay n. [a hole dug in the ground to reach a natural deposit, as water]; water hole; well; underground tank; cistern

atak-atak vb. to drop bit by bit; fall in drop(s) repeatedly <nag-atak-atak ang bugas sa sako = the grains fall in drops from from the sack>

atake¹ n. 1 invasion; attack; assault; onslaught 2 sudden dysfunction; attack; stroke; failure <atake sa kasingkasing = heart attack>

atake² vb. attack; invade; assail <si Markes maghulat ra nga moatake ang kontra = Marquez just wait for his opponent to attack> <ang altapresyon moatake maski unsang edad = high blood pressure can attack at any age>

atang¹ n. 1 wait; waiting <pagkahuman sa dugayng atang = after a long wait, my glory has finally come> 2 ambush <atang tong ilang Ampatuan = what the Ampatuans did was an ambush>

atang² vb. 1 [to stay at a designated place until someone or vehicle arrives]; lie in wait; wait <nag-atang ang mga manakayay og pasaheroan = commuters are waiting for passenger vehicle> 2 look forward; anticipate; await; wait for; expect <nagaatang ang manan-away sa sunod nga hugna = viewers are anticipating the next episode> 3 to await from a concealed position; lie in wait; waylay; lurk; wait in the shadows <nag-atang ang mamumunu sa kalibonan = the assassin lay in wait in the thicket>

atanganan n. 1 waiting station or shed 2 [the hiding place from which an attack is launched]; ambush

atas¹ adj. premature

atas² vb. 1 wean prematurely 2 pick prematurely

atay¹ n. liver

atay² n. a disease that kills many people or animals; pestilence; plague

atay-atay n. 1 the hollow or middle part of palm or sole 2 graptophyllum pictum

atbang¹ adj. situating across; opposite; fronting <atbang nga lingkoranan = opposite bench> n. opposite side <miadto siya sa atbang = he goes to the opposite side>

atbang² vb. 1 to lie, stay, or pose in front of <ang lalake nagpaatbang sa maanyag nga babaye = the boy stays in front of the beautiful woman> 2 to put in front of; set opposite of; put across of <iatbang ang imong silya sa akua = put your chair in front of mine> 3 put in competition; match; match up; pit <giatbang ang duha ka hawud = the two champions are matched up> 4 go up against; oppose; contest; compete; challenge <ang Yawa miatbang sa Ginoo = Satan goes up against God> <si Tino ang moatbang ni Tata sa pagka Kapitan = Tino is the one who will challenge Tata for the Brgy. Chairmanship>

atbang³ prep. in front of; opposite of or to; facing <lingkod atbang naku = you sit in front of me><atbang sa dagat ang balay ni Eping = Felipe’s house lies facing the sea>

atbangay vb. to place opposite to one another; set facing each other <mag-atbangay tang duha, unya, magtinutokay = let’s face each other, then, gaze at each other>

atbang¹ adj. situating across; opposite; fronting <atbang nga lingkoranan = opposite bench> n. opposite side <miadto siya sa atbang = he goes to the opposite side>

atbang³ prep. in front of; opposite of or to; facing <lingkod atbang naku = you sit in front of me><atbang sa dagat ang balay ni Eping = Felipe’s house lies facing the sea>

atbangan vt. future. 1 to lie or stay in front of someone or something <atbangan ta ang maong gwapa = we will sit in front of that pretty woman> 2 to put something in front of someone or something <giatbangan ang ilang tindahan = somebody put a store across their store> 3 to go up against somebody; challenge; contest <giatbangan ang iyang kamaru = his wiliness is challenged by somebody>

atbangay vb. to place opposite to one another; set facing each other <mag-atbangay tang duha, unya, magtinutokay = let’s face each other, then, gaze at each other>

ate n. 1 a courteous call for an older sister 2 a courteous call for a woman older than the caller

atender vb. attend; pay attention; mind <wa’y nag-atender sa kabataan sa aseras = no one is attending the sidewalk children>

atik¹ n. 1 affected praise; flattery; sweet-talk <inig mosikat ka makadawat kag mga atik = when you become celebrated you can receive flatteries> 2 affected act or show; pretense; charade; sham <atik ra nang iyang gipakitang kaayo = her display of kindness is only a pretense> 3 convincing skill; clever talk; cajolery <inday, ayaw padala sa mga atik sa lalake = girl, don’t be carried away by the cajoleries of a boy>

atik² adj. pretended; make-believe; sham; fake <atik nga tinagdan = fake dealing>

atik³ vb. 1 flatter; adulate <daghang moatik sa sapian aron mahatagan = many would flatter the rich to receive favor> 2 pretend; make believe; act <miatik ang gipatawag nga may sakit siya = the summoned person pretended that she had sickness> 3 to convince by artful talk; cajole; coax <maayong moatik si tiya maong makautang gyud = my auntie is artful at convincing that’s why she could easily borrow money> <maayong moatik ang mga ahente = middlemen are good at coaxing people>

atik-atik¹ n. 1 a repeated flattering 2 a repeated pretending

atik-atik² vb. 1 flatter repeatedly; keep flattering <miatik-atik ang kapatas sa amo aron makadawat og uyauya = the foreman keeps flattering his boss so as to receive favor> 2 pretend repeatedly; keep pretending <nag-atik-atik ang tigtuon nga may hilanat = the student keeps pretending that he has fever>

atiman¹ n. often used in the negative. 1 care (of person, animal, or plant); attention <bata nga kulang sa atiman = a child who is lack of care> 2 care (of property); maintenance <balay nga wa’y saktong atiman = a house which has no proper maintence>

atiman² vb. 1 pay attention; attend; mind; care for 2 take care of; look after; nurse; foster

atimananan n. nursing home; institution

atimanonon¹ adj. 1 set to be attended; to be taken care <kahayupan nga atimanonon = livestock that are to be attended> 2 requiring attention; in need of care; needing care <mga masakiton nga atimanonon sa tambalanan = patients that are needing care in the hospital>

atimanonon² n. 1 one needing care (as a sick, aged, baby, etc.) 2 something to be attended; matter; problem; obligation

atis n. sugar apple; sweetsop

atleta n. athlete

atngal n. nipple; teat

ato¹ vb. 1 to take or consume as soon as the supply comes up <giato sa mga mamalitay ang barato nga bugas = the customers consume the cheap rice as soon as it comes up in the market> 2 to consume, cover, hold, or contain all <wa makaato sa pagkaon ang mga bisita = the guests were not able to consume all of the food> <di makaato sa galastohan ang pamanhonon = the fiancé can’t cover all the expenses> <daghan na ka’g bahandi di na ka makaato ana = you have great wealth now, you can’t hold all of them anymore> <di ka makaato sa tanang suliran, busa nagkinahanglan ka’g tabang = you can’t contain all of your problems, therefore you need help>

ato² adj. said of supply. 1 overtaken by demand, therefore it is rarely found <ato na ang mga isda karon = fishes are now rarely found> 2 sought-after; in demand <ato ang pan panahon sa pasko = bread is in demand during Christmas>

ato³ pron. [objective case of kato¹, placed not at the beginning of the sentence]. 1 [the one indicated far away from the speaker and the addressee]; that person or thing; that <nakakita ka ato? = do you see that?> 2 [the one previously seen, mentioned, or heard]; that person, thing, speech, or sound; that; it <wala ko nakamatikud ato = I wasn’t able to notice that><nakadungog ko ato = I have heard that> <nindota lage ato! = how beautiful it was!>

ato⁴ adj. [often placed not at the beginning of the sentence]. 1 being indicated far away; that <manaka ta ato nga bukid = we will climb that mountain> <mangadto ta atong mga balaya? = we will go to those houses?> 2 being previously seen, mentioned, or heard; that <nakadungog ka ato nga singgit? = have you heard that scream?> <nakahinumdumm ka atong mga adlawa? = have you remembered those days?>

ato⁵ adv. at that time; at that moment; then <nakalitan ko ato = I was surprised at that time> <hubug ka ato = you were drunk then>

atoa prep. situating in a far place; in <atoa si Nanding sa Bukidnon = Ferdinand is in Bukidnon>

atol¹ adj. 1 occurring at the same time; coincident; coincidental; simultaneous <atol kaayo nga diha ko sa maong hitabu = it was very coincidental that I was present at that incident> 2 occuring at the right time; timely; opportune

atol² vb. 1 be coincident; coincide; concur <naatol ang kamatayon ni lola sa adlawng natawhan ni kuya = my grandma’s death coincides with my older brother’s birthday> 2 be caught in the act

atol³ prep. in coincidence with; in time of; during <manghatag ang mga datu atol sa Pasko = the rich people will be distributing giveaways in time of Christmas>

atolon vt. future. to set an activity in time of <atolon sa mga ginikanan ang bunyag sa pista = the parents set the baptism in time of fiesta>

atomo n. atom

ato nila pron. [plural form of ato³, objective case of kato sila, often placed not at the beginning of the sentence]. those persons; those <nakaila ko ato nila = I know those persons>

atong _ contraction of ato nga

atraka vb. 1 go or press forward; advance; get close <basta moatraka ang imong kontra, pikahi sa imong harabay = if your opponent advances, hit him with your roundhouse> 2 go against or through; penetrate <di ko moatraka anang bayhana kay hilan = I won’t go against that lady for she is dangerous> <di maatraka ang gigubatan tungud sa gulping pinusilay = the battleground couldn’t be penetrated due to heavy firing>

atras¹ n. back portion of a ship or transport; rear; hind; stern; back <ang ligid sa atras mihiyos = the tire at the rear deflated>

atras² vb. 1 to move with the back goes first; move backward; step back <miatras ang barko = the ship moves backward> <atras mo aron makaagi ang pinasidunggang dinapit = you step back so that the special guest can pass> 2 to move back, esp. from dangerous position; retreat; back out; back down; backpedal <miatras ang tropa sa mga rebelde = the rebel’s troup retreated> 3 back out of; pull out; withdraw <miatras si Binay sa dabate = Binay pulled out from the debate> 4 place, move, or draw backward <iatras ang mga selya alang sa mga mananayaw = you move back the chairs for the dancers>

atras³ interj. step/move back; back off

atrasado adj. not on time; late; delayed; overdue <atrasado nga pagbayad = delayed payment>

atras-atras¹ vb. to move backward repeatedly; keep moving backward

atras-atras² n. a repeated backward motions

atrasay n. a retreating act; backing out; withdrawal <sa panggubatan wala’y atrasay = in the battlefield there is no backing out>

atrasawo _ variant of atrasado

atraso¹ n. 1 delay; holdup <duha ka adlaw nga atraso = two days delay> 2 unpaid obligation; debt; indebtedness <pila’y akung atraso nimo? = how much is my indebtedness to you?> 3 wrong done against somebody; crime; offense <wa ko nahadlok kay wa ko’y atraso = Im not afraid for I have committed no crime>

atraso² vb. be late or tardy <maatraso ko og napulu ka minutos = I’ll be late for ten minutes>

atraytis n. arthritis

atsa¹ n. ax or axe; hatchet; maul; battle-ax

atsa² vb. axe; hew

atsara n. pickles

atu pron. ours (including the addressee); our property or share <ang atu bati, ang ila nindot = ours is bad, theirs is nice>

atua _ variant of atu

atuaatua _ variant of atu-atu

atuatu adj. exclusively for us (including the addressee); ours only; for us alone <atuatu ra kini nga salosalo = this party is only for us> adv. by ourselves alone <maninguha ta og atuatu, di ta magsalig sa lain = let us strive by ourselves alone, let’s not depend on others>

atub n. dungeon; cell

atubang¹ n. a meeting, esp. to settle dispute; confrontation; hearing <may atubang ta karong hapon = we have a hearing this afternoon>

atubang² vb. 1 to turn the face toward; face <atubang sa kasadpan = you face toward the west> <maulaw ko moatubang sa gwapa = I am shy to face a beautiful lady> 2 to face, as a difficulty; confront; brazen out <ang tawo nga isog di mahadlok moatubang og suliran = a brave man is undaunted to face a problem> 3 to appear in a hearing; appear; show up <wala moatubang ang gikiha = the defendant does not show up> 4 attend to; take care of; look after <ang inahan nabuang sa sugal maong wan-a makaatubang sa iyang mga anak = the mother is addicted to gambling that’s why she failed to take care of her children> 5 to attend, esp. visitor; entertain <abi kay maut siya di ka moatubang = just because he is ugly you won’t entertain him>

atubangan¹ n. 1 front part; front; frontage; chief side;face <ang mga hinay gibalhin sa magtutudlu sa atubangan sa klase = the teacher transferred the slow learners to the front of the class> <atubangan sa balay = frontage of the house> 2 the forward part of a vehicle or ship; bow; prow; head; fore part <atubangan sa barko = front of a ship; prow> 3 front view <mga detalye sa atubangan = details of the front view>

atubangan² adj. situated at then front; front; fore <atubangang pakli = front page> <atubangang kita = front view>

atubangan³ n. genetal area; genitals; crotch

atubangan sa prep. in front of; before <miluhod ang kaslonon atubangan sa ampuanan = the bride and groom kneel before the altar>

atubangonon n. something to be faced or attended; obligation <ayaw ko’g samoka kay daghan pa ko’g atubangonon = don’t disturb me for I still have lots of obligations> adj. set to be faced or attended <aduna mi’y bista nga atubangonon ugma = we have hearing to be attended tomorrow>

atuli n. earwax

atulihon adj. full of earwax

atung _ contraction of atu nga

atung-mga-kaugalingon pron. ourselves

atu nga adj. our (including the addressee) <moari ang atung pangulo = our president will come here>

atup¹ n. roof

atup² vb. 1 cover with roof; roof <kanus-a mo magsugod og atup? = when will you begin roofing?> 2 to convert into a roof; use as roof <nindot iatup ang nipa = nipa is ideal to use as roof>

atupanan n. the space to be covered with roof

atup-atup n. a roof-like thing; hood; improvised roof

atuponon n. roofing material; roofing

atutong n. tartar

aw¹ adv. a word used to stress correction to the statement previously uttered; I mean

aw² inter. 1 now I get it!; I see!<aw, mao diay nga mihilak ka = now I see why you are crying> 2 well!<aw, kun mao kana ang imong hukum gitahud ko ‘na = well, if that is your decision I respect it>

awa n. a large kind of milkfish

awaaw adj. uninhabited; desolate; wild n. uninhabited place; wilds; desolation

awas¹ n. overflow; spill

awas² vb. flow over the top; overflow; spill; brim

awasan n. person whose money or means is quickly gone; prodigal adj. dissipative; wasteful

awasanan n. a course for unwanted water or liquid; spillway; canal; drain; conduit; cesspool

awat vb. to copy the action, appearance, or speech of; imitate; mimic; simulate; mock

awat-awat¹ vb. imitate repeatedly; keep imitating

awat-awat² n. 1 a repeated imitation 2 travesty; parody adj. imitation; simulated; mock

away¹ n. 1 angry dispute; quarrel; altercation; fight <away sa yuta = land dispute> 2 physical combat; fight; battle; war <upat ka tawo ang samara sa away = four person were wounded in the battle>

away² vb. 1 quarrel; dispute; argue; fight <nag-away ang managsoon tungud sa sulundon = the siblings quarreled over the inheritance> 2 combat; war; fight <moaway si Pakyaw sunud buwan = Pacquiao will fight next month>

awayan¹ vt. future. 1 to fight over someone or something <lalake ang giawayan sa duha ka babaye = the two girls quarreled over a boy> 2 to fight at or in a certain place <ang tenisan mao’y ilang awayan = they will fight in the tennis court>

awayan² n. the reason or object of fighting <peso ra’y giawayan nila = the reason of their fighting is only a peso>

awayan³ n. in a play or game. the object a player used in striking other object(s), as the cueball in billiards

awayanan n. 1 fighting place or arena; battle ground 2 the stick on which spiders are met to fight

away-away n. 1 plural. conflicts <mga away-away sa politika = conflicts in politics 2 a pretended fight or quarrel; mock battle <away-away ra tong ilaha = theirs was only a pretended fight>

awayon vt. future. to quarrel with <awayon siya sa iyang asawa basta way intrigo = his wife quarrels with him if he has no income to give>

awhag¹ n. 1 a call for attention; urge; appeal; exhortation; encouragement <awhag sa pagpalagpot sa pangulo = a plea for ousting the president> 2 a compelling force; drive; urge; impetus; push <unudnong awhag = sexual urge>

awhag² vb. to call the attention of; urge; encourage; incite; exhort; appeal to

awhagon vt. future. to urge somebody

awit n. song

awitan vt. future. to sing a song to somebody <ila ko nga giawitan = they sung me a song>

awiton vt. future. to sing (a song) <unsa’y imong awiton? = what song do you sing?>

awm n. a small dark growth on skin; mole

awman adj. having a mole; with mole <awman ang aping naku = my cheek is having a mole>

awngan¹ vt. future. to overarch or overhang something

awngan² adj. not able to overpower another; overawed; overwhelmed; intimidated <awngan ang akung sunoy sa ugis = my rooster is intimidated of a white cock>

awong vb. 1 stretch or spread above; arch over; overarch; overhang <giputol ang mga sanga kay miawong sa karsada = the branches are cut off because it overhang the road> 2 to stunt by towering over; dwarf <moawong ang mga tag-as nga kahoy sa mga mugbu = tall trees dwarf the small ones> 3 dominate; overwhelm; overpower <moawong ang itik sa manok = the duck dominates the chicken>

awongan _ see awngan

Awstralya n. Australia

Awstralyano n. Australian; Aussie

awto n. automobile; auto; car

awto-awto n. 1 an auto-like something 2 a car toy

awtoridad n. person in command; authority

awu n. a hollow or deep portion in the shallow area of sea

awup¹ adj. 1 said of flame or light; low; not bright; dim; dull; faint <awup ang suga sa diskohan = the light in the disco room is low> 2 not shiny or glossy; dull; matte; lusterless <awup ang kasinawon sa lamesa = the finish of the table is dull>

awup² vb. 1 of flame or light. to turn low; dim; dull; wane <miawup ang siga = the light turns low> 2 to make or become not shiny or bright

awup-awup¹ adj. 1 said of light or flame. somewhat dim 2 unsteady in light or flame; flickering; fluctuating <nag-awup-awup ang siga sa kandila = the flame of the candle is flickering> 3 slightly lusterless; somewhat dull

awup-awup² n. fluctuating light; flicker

awup-awup³ vb. burn or shines unsteadily; flicker

ayaay n. the condition of sea where there is neither low nor high tide; neap tide; slack tide adj. neap

ayad vb. 1 dislike; snub; spurn; repulse <moayad ang babaye sa lalakeng wa’y nahut = the woman dislikes a penniless man> 2 say no; decline; refuse

ayag¹ n. an instance of sifting particles

ayag² vb. to process from coarser to finer particles through meshes; sift; sieve; screen

ayagan n. an implement for sifting; sifter; sieve; screen

ayaran vt. future. 1 to dislike someone or something; snub <kun mamisita ko, di ba ko nimo ayaran? = if I visit you, will you not snub me?> 2 to say no to an offer or request; decline <mangluud ko basta ayaran nimo ang akung tanyag = I get disappointed if you decline my offer>

ayaw¹ vb. say no; decline; refuse <ang pag ayaw sa gihagad usa ka insulto = to refuse an offer is an insult>

ayaw² vb. often used in the imperative. don’t <ayaw pag adto = don’t go there> <hikapa ko ayaw = don’t touch me>

ayaw³ interj. don’t <palihog ayaw! = please don’t!>

ayaw⁴ vb. of child. to desire or want to go with someone <miayaw nimo ang bata = the child wants to go with you>

ayawan vt. future. to say no to; decline a proposal

ayaw ‘na _ not that one

ayaw ‘ni _ not this one

ayaw una _ wait (a minute or second); hold on (for a minute or second)

ayay interj. 1 expressing elation; yippee <ayay, moabut na si tatay! = yippee, dad will come home!> 2 expressing surprise; wow; gosh; gee <ayay, gikidhatan ko sa babaye = wow, the girl winks at me> <ayay nabiyaan naku ang akung pitaka! = gosh, I have left my wallet!>

ayha conj. 1 earlier than the time when; before <manghunaw ka ayha mokaon = wash your hands before you eat> 2 just at the moment that; just after; just as; when <ayha na namatay ang iyang inahan pag-abut niya = his mother died just after his arrival>

aylang _ short for ayaw lang

ayna _ short for ayaw na

ayo¹ vb. 1 show kindness; be kind <moayo lang ang uyab naku basta may kwarta ko = my sweetheart only show kindness to me if I have money> 2 make better; mend; improve; repair <giayo ni tatay ang atup pangandam sa bagyo = dad repairs the roof in preparation for the coming typhoon> 3 do well; make good <ayoha paghinlo ang lawak = clean the room well> 4 get well; get better; recover <miayo ang ekonomiya sa Pilipinas karon = the Philippines’ economy gets better nowadays> <naayo na ang bata gikan sa hilanat = the child has now recovered from fever> 5 heal; cure <giayo ni Kristo ang mga masakiton = Christ healed the sick> 6 be friendly again; be reconciled; make up <nag-ayo na ang managsoon = the siblings had already reconciled>

ayo² n. often used in the negative. good; goodness; betterment <wa’y ayo ang negosyo namu sa Mindanao = our business in Mindanao was no good> <wa’y ayo ning kinabuhia = this life is no good>

ayoayo¹ adj. slightlyimproved, esp. from injury or sickness <ayoayo na ang masakiton = the sick is now slightly improved>

ayoayo² vb. show faked kindness; pretend to be nice <pagbantay anang bayhana kay nag-ayoayo lang na = watch out for that woman for she only pretends to be nice>

ayohan¹ vt. future. to show kindness to; treat someone nicely; do good to <giayohan lang ka ana kay naibog ‘na siya nimo = he just treats you nicely because he is attracted to you>

ayohan² adj. said of soil. fertile; fecund; productive; generative <ayohan ang yuta sa Mindanao = Mindanao’s soil is productive>

ayohanan n. repair shop or center

ayohonon n. something set for repair adj. set for repair; going to be repaired <ayohonon nga makina = a machine set for repair>

ayon¹ vb. be fond of; like <miayon pud ka sa iyang gibuhat nimo = you also like the thing he did to you>

ayon² adj. favorite; most liked; favored; preferred n. favorite; liking; like; preference; pick

ayon-ayon n. a fitful liking; caprice adj. fitful; capricious; fickle <ayon-ayon nga gana sa pagkaon = capricious appetite>

ayu vb. to taste harm from <ayaw pasipad-i nang bayhana, maayu gyud ka sa amahan anang mamusilay = don’t dare to do bad on that lady, or else you will taste harm from her gunman father>

ayuda¹ n. 1 (physical) support; help; aid; assistance; backup <ako ra’y mosulong, ayuda lang mo naku = I’ll be the one attack, you just serve as baskups> 2 (financial) support; assistance; aid; relief; subsidy <mihatag og ayuda ang goberno sa mga naalaot sa kamatay = the government gave help to the people affected hy the pandemic>

ayuda² vb. 1 to support, esp. physically; assist; help; back up 2 to support, esp. financially; subsidize; aid

ayudahan vt. future. give assistance to; provide help for; aid <angay ayudahan sa kagamhanan ang mga taginasod = the government should give aid to its countrymen>

ayum-ayum¹ adj. interim; improvised; makeshift; crude <ayum-ayum nga pinuy-anan = makeshift home> n. a meantime fixing; interim action

ayum-ayum² vb. 1 repair roughly and quickly; fix for meantime; botch; tinker <ayum-ayuma una nang imong sapatos hangtod nga makapalit ta’g bag-o = just fix your shoes for meantime until we can buy a new one> 2 make roughly and quickly; improvise; contrive; devise; concoct <nag-ayum-ayum mi og lutuanan = we improvised a stove>

ayup n. often used in the negative. 1 the allowing of almost cooked food (as rice or corn grits) to stay on the stove for minutes after the flame is put off 2 heating of cooked food, as to keep it warm; simmering

My Supernatural Experiences

When I was only 5 years old, while I was frolicking over the palms of the newly grown coconut tree, I suddenly saw a man who was like wearing a white long-sleeved upper garment and white trousers. And when I turned my sight to his face, I found out that it can’t be seen _he had no head. In panic, I ran as much as I could towards our house which was about 60 meters away from the coconut tree. When I reached inside the house, I quickly peeped through a wall crevice to inspect who was that, but there was no one outside. It was about 3 o’clock in the afternoon, the surroundings was clear and no activity.

In 1996, I was the first to move into our new house. It was partially finished having no windows (only window jambs), no bed, and no comfort room yet. The south side of our house was a wide bush, with no resident except a single grave during world war 2. One night at about 10, I heard footsteps in the attic. I just didn’t mind it and went on sleeping. At around 12 o’clock midnight, I rose and went outside in order to pee. As soon as I came outside, the door was suddenly slammed. I just told my mind that it was just driven by a wind though it wasn’t windy at that moment. After peeing, I headed to the door, when I tried to open it, I found it locked. I turned to the window opening and climbed on it to get into the house. Those inexplicable incidents happened to me more than ten times. Two years later, the rest of my family also moved to the new house. My father had those inexplicable incidents too. One midnight he grumbled and accused me of locking the door while he was outside peeing.

Another incident in 1997, it was about 1 a.m., while I slept on the table beside the window sill, I was awaken by a sudden strong tweak on my nose, it was so painful that the sting in my nose lingered for minutes. I quickly jumped out from the window and picked up a stone so that I could hit back the perpetrator. I got enraged with my cousin Jethro, I thought he was the one responsible of the attack. I roved around the house but I had found no one. Then my mind told me instinctively that it wasn’t Jethro certainly, an ordinary person could not get away from my sight at that quickness since I responded the attack right away. Nevertheless I confronted Jethro the following day, and he told me in Bisaya, ” unsay akung makuha sa pagbangon og tungang gabii aron lang magbinuang og tawo?”, “what do I benefit to rise at midnight just to make fun of somebody?”. I knew he’s telling the truth, we used to taunt each other but not that grievous.

One morning in 2005, I arrived home from a bar at 3 a.m. and went to bed right away wearing only a brief as my habit before. In that time, my sleeping room was in the attic and I was the only one who slept there. At 6 a.m., I woke up with a shock, I was wearing a corduroy shorts and T-shirt already. I no longer used that corduroy shorts anymore since it’s already tight for me and its zipper was broken. I wonder where that corduroy shorts came from for I had junked it a long time ago. And if there’s somebody who clothed me at that moment, for sure I would be awaken from the act. That was the most mysterious thing that I had ever encountered in my life. That day I was convinced that there’s indeed a supernatural being that made fun of me.

One night in 2006, a week after my father died, while I slept in the attic at 11 p.m., I heard heavy footsteps climbing on the stairs. I had observed that the footsteps were going towards to where I laid. I wanted to rise but I couldn’t move, I just closed my eyes firmly from intense fear. I could sense that he’s bringing a light, it must be from a flame of a candle or an incandescent lamp. I got terrified more when he brought the light next to my face. With all my might, I tried to move until I accidentally banged my foot against the bed’s bottom rail. The lingering pain in my foot helped me recovered my senses. I supposed it was a bad dream, but when that incident happened, I had heard the chat between my sister and sister-in-law downstairs. My thinking and hearing were intact only that I couldn’t move my body. I thought it was my father’s ghost who wanted me to light a candle on his blood’s grave. Right after that incident, I got up and went to my father’s blood’s grave to light a candle.

Another incident in 2010, I was reading in my room at around 10 in the morning. My mother was outside the house doing laundry. When I headed to the comfort room to urinate, I had seen a trail of spots of mud on the floor. It started from the main door going to the comfort room (approximately 12 meters apart), then from the comfort room going to the back door (approximately 7 meters apart). But what’s perplexing, there was no mud outside the main door as well as the back door, the mud was solely inside of the house. And what’s more perplexing, there’s no any mud puddle in our surroundings, so where that stinky mud came from? When my mother entered the house she asked me where the mud came from, I just answered, “I don’t even know, it just appeared suddenly”.

Another morning in 2011, my girlfriend Nicole forwarded me a message, she was angry with me for sending her an unwholesome text last night. Aside from being gorgeous, she is intelligent (a summa cum laude in her college time), an English teacher in the U.S., and a woman of dignity. She is sensitive, she doesn’t like a coarse speech. The content of the message was a professional or fluent English, except the last line that offended Nicole, which stated as, “shitam magbayad ka” which means “shit, you should pay”. I knew deep in my mind that I had not sent that kind of message to her, but nevertheless I scanned my sent items to verify it thinking that maybe I had texted her unconsciously. But after the scanning I had not found the same message as the one Nicole forwarded to me. I told her that perhaps it came from another source, and that she had pointed me wrongly, but she assured that it really came from me. It came to my mind that perhaps another person in the house tinkered my cellphone and sent the message to her, but who did? there’s nobody in our house could write fluent English, besides I don’t entrust my cellphone to anybody. Two months later, I had watched an episode featuring an old woman whom her grandson died in a drown accident. She narrated about the activities of her grandson’s ghost who still visited her. But I stuck on her testimony about the cellphone incident. She recounted that one morning as she emerged from the bathroom, she had observed her cellphone vibrating around on the center table, and eventually it received a message. The message was, “I love you lola”. She knew in her heart that it came from her beloved grandson whom she claimed a well-behaved child. Her testimony made me realized that a supernatural being could also do text messaging, as well as, could express different languages. It came to my mind that the one who sent a message to Nicole was the supernatural being that kept haunting me. I was so infatuated with Nicole, whenever she’s in tantrum, she ignored me for days, week, or even a month that it made my heart so heavy and I felt like dying. This supernatural being perhaps sympathized my pain so it got angry with Nicole.

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China Caused Cebu’s Furniture Export To Collapse

The China’s grabbing of the Scarborough shoal reminds me of the collapse of Cebu’s furniture export industry. In the past, Cebu’s furniture export was doing well esp. in the mid 1980’s to early 2000’s. I could say it was doing well because it gave our family and neighborhood decent living. In 1986, I remember my father earned 2,300 pesos a month, almost two times greater than a teacher’s salary in that time. He worked as a foreman in a certain furniture company. I couldn’t recall of the company’s name, but many called it Cenapro because it was located at the previous plant of Cenapro Chemical Corp. in Alang-alang, Mandaue City. It started with only one carpenter (my father) who made the samples. When his samples clicked, the company grew vigorously in just a short period of time. That they rented another two buildings next to the existing one, making it three large building buildings in total. Majority of the workers came from Mactan, Lapu-lapu City. In that time, Barangay Mactan was the main source of export quality furniture makers. Unfortunately after 2 years, the company went bankrupt due to corrupt management. The company manager practiced a double payroll, the actual daily wage of their worker was 50 pesos reported to the owner, but the manager only gave 30 pesos to their worker a day. When the workers found out the truth, they rebelled and almost killed the manager. The manager and his secretary had luxury in manipulating because the owner of the company hailed from Macau.

In 1985, Maitland-Smith (a furniture company) became famous of its craft in MEPZA and was giving a good salary. Until now Maitland-Smith is still operating, but it’s no longer giving a good salary. In 1987, I learned wood carving and had worked at Santos Lumber under a subcontractor in 1988. I earned 600 to 700 pesos a week at the very young age of 14, my rate was not fixed because I worked in a piecework basis. The regular daily wage in that time was only 30 pesos. From 1987 onward, furniture export companies in Cebu were dramatically increasing, the number of carpenters and carvers were also increasing. In 1995, I worked as a carving subcontractor at Wicker and Vine, but the income was no longer good. In that time, Furniture companies started to suffocate their laborers, because they had realized that there were ample of carpenters and carvers available in the area. So they had luxury in looking for workers who were willing to agree to their preset cheap labor. Though the owners were already enjoying lucrative profit, they unmercifully kept pressing down the labor cost _thus making the furniture workers suffered extremely. In the year 2000, I also worked as a carving subcontractor at Berben Wood Industries, but still the labor cost was insufficient. Battered with low labor cost, many furniture workers in Cebu were forced to work abroad in different countries particularly China, Vietnam, and Malaysia. China lured Cebuano skilled workers with good compensation (50,000 pesos a month) and they bit it. They (other countries) had learned from the skill or know-how imparted by Filipino workers, and they became our strong competitors. China for example, after learning the skill in processing furniture from us, They begun producing furniture in mass volume for export. China stole our customers by offering very low-priced furniture products. And this is the main reason why the booming Cebu’s furniture export industry collapsed. Some furniture businessmen blamed the government of the decline, while others ascribed the decline to the US recession, but even prior to the US recession, American customers already begun importing furniture products from China. But in my opinion, the main reason is the failure of our businessmen and government to acknowledge the value of our skilled workers. If only they were able to nurture our skilled workers and protect our know-how from not being disseminated or copied, we might still be in the hectic schedule today catering our heavy orders from abroad. Government and businessmen should not neglect the living condition of their workers so that they would not flee and teach other countries with their skills. The manpower is the pillar of business industry and the government’s asset, without them our economy will collapse.

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ANG BILI SA PAGPAUBUS

“kon dapiton ka sa usa ka piging, ayaw paglingkod sa luna sa mga pinasidunggang dinapit kay basin may moabut nga mas labaw pa nimo, kay basin unya ingnon ka sa tagtungod nga, “balhini kay palingkora ning tawhana diha”, ug unya mobalhin ka nga naulawan. Apan kon ikaw dapiton, adto ka molingkod sa luna nga gitagana sa mga bukutbukut, kay basin unya ingnon ka sa tagtungod, “balhin didto sa luna nga gigahin alang sa mga pinasidunggan”, ug ikaw mapasigarbohon atubangan sa ubang mga dinapit nga mobalhin sa luna sa mga pinasidunggan”.
Hesus Kristo

Sa nagtungha pa ko sa kolehiyo, nabatyagan gayud naku ang tumang kahaw-ang sa kaugalingon. Dili bug-us ang akung kinabuhi, paminaw ko kanunay kong masayup maski unsa pa ang akung ginabuhat. Ubus ang akung kuha sa kolehiyo, buut kong mohawud kini apan di naku makaya. Nakahinumdum ko sa akung kasaring sa una nga mao si Jerome. Usa siya ka utokan, kanunayng mag-una sa klase. Siya ang pinakamaayong moeningles sa tanang tao nga akung nahibagat atong panahona. Mibilib ko niya pag-ayo, usahay mahurut na lang gud ang amung takna sa saring di pa mahuman ang eningles nga lantugi tali niya ug sa amung magtutudlu. Nakapangutana ko sa akung kaugalingon, “ngano mang di ko makamaong moeningles samtang ang uban sayonsayonon lang nila? duna gyu’y nakaapan naku!”, nakatuaw ko. Sayo man gud pud ko nga nakat-on sa pangulit kay may pandayan si papa kaniadto. Ganahan gyud ko sa pangulit sa una, kanunay gud kong mag-apong sa akung ig-agaw nga magkulit hangtod nga nakat-on ko niini dose anyos pa lang. Ang nakaparat kay si papa halos di na lang mangita og mangungulit sa iyang pandayan kay naa naman kong magamit niya. Ako nalang ang kanunay niyang pakuliton sa iyang buhatonon nga mga sangkap sa balay. Usahay bisa’g may pasulit ko, dili ko niya patunghaon og tuyu kay pakuliton, kay lage dinalian ang gipahimo. Usahay mamulong siya kanaku nga, “ang tawo motungha aron makatrabaho, ikaw kay makamao naman mangulit, dili ka na kinahanglang motungha pa. Basta makamao lang mosuwat, patek na”.

Sa pagtungha naku sa kolehiyo, kulang gyud ko sa sukaranan sa segondarya. Ug kini nakabalda sa akung tinguha nga mopatigbabaw sa klase. Wala ko’y tuontuon atong panahona, kay gawas nga medyo tapolan pud magtuon, ang akung takna mahurut sa pagpangulit. Kini nakatampo og daku sa hinungdan ngano nga nangamote ko sa kolehiyo, pun-an pa nga magsige lang mi’g lalis ni papa kanhi halos matag gabii. Sakit manulti si papa ilabi na og mahubug, apan kundili makainum hilumon kaayo. Pero usahay mokalit pud og pangisug basta makadungog og butang nga dili siya ganahan.

Maayo pud to si papa mangamut maong daghan ang mahadlok kaniya. Gilupig gud niya ang lima ka taw nga pulus nagdala og pinuti gamit lang ang iyang tigib nga wa’y puan. Niadtong napulug usa ka tuig pa lang ko, gitiponan mi sa akung iyaan nga may duha ka anak. Tungud niini, si mama aburido na og ulo kay may pagkatapolan pud tong akung iyaan, dili makamaong motabangtabang sa gimbuhaton sa balay maski sa pagpanghugas lang og mga plato. Tungud niini, may bikil na sa sulod sa amung panimalay. Si mama ug papa magpunay og away tungud kay si papa motapion man ni tiya ug sa iyang duha ka anak.

Sa dihang nakapandayan na si papa, matag gabii na siyang mahubug. Sa tan-aw naku mao ni’y nakapaaburido sa iyang batasan ngano permi nalang mangita og away. Ug kining iyang gipakitang kausaban nakapasagmuyu kanaku’g daku. Nabug-atan gyud ko sa pagsagubang sa iyang isug nga dinad-an kanaku ug sa ubang sakup sa banay, “nabuang na tingale ko!” nakaingon ko sa akung kaugalingon. Hangtod nga nakahinumdum ko sa giingon sa atung Ginoo sa Bibliya, “Ako ang kaalam”. Takulahaw nalang naalingggatan ko ang akung kaugalingon nga miukay sa Bibliya. Sa akung pagbasa niini, permi nakung mahibagat ang mga pulong nga nagtudlu sa pagpaubus. Dili ko butbuton nga pagkatawo apan tingale tungud sa pagkakulang pa sa kasinatian, dili kalikayan nga mopakita ‘sab kog garbo. Usahay matakdan sab ko sa akung mga suud nga may gamayng butbut, maong mogawas pud gamay ang akung garbo. Usa pud tingale nga hinungdan mao nga mahunahuna pud natu nga kon magpaubus ta mokulang ang pagtahod sa uban diri kanatu.

Kung atung sutaon pag-ayo ang kinaiya ni Hesu Kristo sa diri pa siya sa kalibotan, gihimo niyang sundanan sa pagpaubus ang iyang kaugalingon. Sa pagsulod pa lang Niya dinhi sa kalibutan, gipili na Niyang ianak sa pasongan. Sa dihang midaku na Siya, wa Siya nakigsuud sa mga datu, hinonoa didto nakigsuud sa mga kabus. Ug sa dihang may mga alagad na Siya, iyang gipakita kanila ang pagkamahinungdanon sa pagpaubus pinaagi sa paghugas sa ilang mga tiil. Si Hesus nagatudlu usab sa iyang mga tinun-an sa pagpaubus pinaagi sa sanglitanan. Sa panudlu ni Hesus Kristo, iyang gipakita nga ang pagpaubus usa sa mga hiyas nga ang tawo makasulud sa ganghaan sa Langit. Matud niya sa (Mateo 23: 12), “Si kinsa tong magpataas sa kaugalingon ipaubus, ug si kinsa tong magpaubus sa kaugalingon ipataas”. Sa (Lucas 14: 8-10) si Kristo miingon pud, “kon dapiton ka sa usa ka piging, ayaw paglingkod sa luna sa mga pinasidunggang dinapit kay basin may moabut nga mas labaw pa nimo, kay basin unya ingnon ka sa tagtungod nga, “balhini kay palingkora ning tawhana diha”, ug unya mobalhin ka nga naulawan. Apan kon ikaw dapiton, adto ka molingkod sa luna nga gitagana sa mga bukutbukut, kay basin unya ingnon ka sa tagtungod, “balhin didto sa luna nga gigahin alang sa mga pinasidunggan”, ug ikaw mapasigarbohon atubangan sa ubang mga dinapit nga mobalhin sa luna sa mga pinasidunggan”.

Sa paglabay sa duha ka tuig nakung pagtuon sa kinaugalingon, pagbasabasa, ug panuhid sa mga sinulat, akung nabatyagan nga makamao na kong mohan-ay og mga pulong. Alang naku di pa hingpit apan daku nang tabang nga maugmad naku ang akung pagkatawo sa natad sa panulat. Busa, awhagon ta mo sa pagpaubus aron kaloy-an kita sa Ginoo sa ingon sukipan Niya ang nakakulang sa atung pagkatawo ug kamaohan.

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